lockout

src/db/create.ts

@@ -9,9 +9,43 @@ export const model: { [key: string]: string } = {
       display_name TEXT,
       provider TEXT,
       image TEXT,
-      registered_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now'))
+      registered_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+      failed_attempts INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+      locked_until TEXT
     );
   `,
+  Session: `
+    CREATE TABLE Session
+    (
+      id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+      user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+      token_family TEXT NOT NULL,
+      created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+      expires_at TEXT NOT NULL,
+      last_used TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+      ip_address TEXT,
+      user_agent TEXT,
+      revoked INTEGER DEFAULT 0,
+      FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES User(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+    );
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_session_user_id ON Session (user_id);
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_session_expires_at ON Session (expires_at);
+  `,
+  PasswordResetToken: `
+    CREATE TABLE PasswordResetToken
+    (
+      id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+      token TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+      user_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+      expires_at TEXT NOT NULL,
+      used_at TEXT,
+      created_at TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT (datetime('now')),
+      FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES User(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+    );
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_password_reset_token ON PasswordResetToken (token);
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_password_reset_user_id ON PasswordResetToken (user_id);
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_password_reset_expires_at ON PasswordResetToken (expires_at);
+  `,
   Post: `
     CREATE TABLE Post
     (

src/db/types.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,29 @@ export interface User {
   db_destroy_date?: string | null;
   created_at: string;
   updated_at: string;
+  failed_attempts?: number;
+  locked_until?: string | null;
+}
+
+export interface Session {
+  id: string;
+  user_id: string;
+  token_family: string;
+  created_at: string;
+  expires_at: string;
+  last_used: string;
+  ip_address?: string | null;
+  user_agent?: string | null;
+  revoked: number;
+}
+
+export interface PasswordResetToken {
+  id: string;
+  token: string;
+  user_id: string;
+  expires_at: string;
+  used_at?: string | null;
+  created_at: string;
 }
 
 export interface Post {

src/routes/login/index.tsx

@@ -175,7 +175,17 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
             result.error?.message ||
             result.result?.data?.message ||
             "Registration failed";
+          const errorCode = result.error?.data?.code;
+
+          // Check for rate limiting
           if (
+            errorCode === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS" ||
+            errorMsg.includes("Too many attempts")
+          ) {
+            setError(errorMsg);
+          }
+          // Check for duplicate email
+          else if (
             errorMsg.includes("duplicate") ||
             errorMsg.includes("already exists")
           ) {
@@ -210,8 +220,30 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
             navigate("/account", { replace: true });
           }, 500);
         } else {
+          // Handle specific error types
+          const errorMessage = result.error?.message || "";
+          const errorCode = result.error?.data?.code;
+
+          // Check for rate limiting
+          if (
+            errorCode === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS" ||
+            errorMessage.includes("Too many attempts")
+          ) {
+            setError(errorMessage);
+          }
+          // Check for account lockout
+          else if (
+            errorCode === "FORBIDDEN" ||
+            errorMessage.includes("Account locked") ||
+            errorMessage.includes("Account is locked")
+          ) {
+            setError(errorMessage);
+          }
+          // Generic login failure
+          else {
             setShowPasswordError(true);
           }
+        }
       } else {
         // Email link login flow
         if (!emailRef || !rememberMeRef) {
@@ -254,9 +286,24 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
             result.error?.message ||
             result.result?.data?.message ||
             "Failed to send email";
+          const errorCode = result.error?.data?.code;
+
+          // Check for rate limiting or countdown not expired
+          if (
+            errorCode === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS" ||
+            errorMsg.includes("countdown not expired") ||
+            errorMsg.includes("Too many attempts")
+          ) {
+            setError(
+              errorMsg.includes("countdown")
+                ? "Please wait before requesting another email link"
+                : errorMsg
+            );
+          } else {
             setError(errorMsg);
           }
         }
+      }
     } catch (err: any) {
       console.error("Login error:", err);
       setError(err.message || "An error occurred");
@@ -339,11 +386,31 @@ export default function LoginPage() {
                   Email Already Exists!
                 </div>
               </Show>
+              <Show
+                when={
+                  error().includes("Account locked") ||
+                  error().includes("Account is locked")
+                }
+              >
+                <div class="mb-2 text-base font-semibold">
+                  🔒 Account Locked
+                </div>
+                <div class="text-sm">{error()}</div>
+              </Show>
+              <Show when={error().includes("Too many attempts")}>
+                <div class="mb-2 text-base font-semibold">
+                  ⏱️ Rate Limit Exceeded
+                </div>
+                <div class="text-crust text-sm">{error()}</div>
+              </Show>
               <Show
                 when={
                   error() &&
                   error() !== "passwordMismatch" &&
-                  error() !== "duplicate"
+                  error() !== "duplicate" &&
+                  !error().includes("Account locked") &&
+                  !error().includes("Account is locked") &&
+                  !error().includes("Too many attempts")
                 }
               >
                 <div class="text-base text-sm">{error()}</div>

src/routes/login/request-password-reset.tsx

@@ -92,7 +92,17 @@ export default function RequestPasswordResetPage() {
         }
       } else {
         const errorMsg = result.error?.message || "Failed to send reset email";
-        if (errorMsg.includes("countdown not expired")) {
+        const errorCode = result.error?.data?.code;
+
+        // Handle rate limiting
+        if (
+          errorCode === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS" ||
+          errorMsg.includes("Too many attempts")
+        ) {
+          setError(errorMsg);
+        }
+        // Handle countdown not expired
+        else if (errorMsg.includes("countdown not expired")) {
           setError("Please wait before requesting another reset email");
         } else {
           setError(errorMsg);
@@ -192,7 +202,30 @@ export default function RequestPasswordResetPage() {
       {/* Error Message */}
       <Show when={error()}>
         <div class="mt-4 flex justify-center">
-          <div class="text-red text-sm italic">{error()}</div>
+          <div
+            class={`${
+              error().includes("Too many attempts") ||
+              error().includes("wait before requesting")
+                ? "border-maroon bg-red rounded-lg border px-4 py-3"
+                : ""
+            } max-w-md text-center`}
+          >
+            <Show when={error().includes("Too many attempts")}>
+              <div class="mb-1 text-base font-semibold">
+                ⏱️ Rate Limit Exceeded
+              </div>
+            </Show>
+            <div
+              class={`${
+                error().includes("Too many attempts") ||
+                error().includes("wait before requesting")
+                  ? "text-sm"
+                  : "text-red text-sm italic"
+              }`}
+            >
+              {error()}
+            </div>
+          </div>
         </div>
       </Show>
 

src/server/api/routers/auth.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,13 @@ import {
   rateLimitLogin,
   rateLimitPasswordReset,
   rateLimitRegistration,
-  rateLimitEmailVerification
+  rateLimitEmailVerification,
+  checkAccountLockout,
+  recordFailedLogin,
+  resetFailedAttempts,
+  createPasswordResetToken,
+  validatePasswordResetToken,
+  markPasswordResetTokenUsed
 } from "~/server/security";
 import { logAuditEvent } from "~/server/audit";
 import type { H3Event } from "vinxi/http";
@@ -48,7 +54,7 @@ import type { Context } from "../utils";
  */
 function getH3Event(ctx: Context): H3Event {
   // Check if nativeEvent exists (production)
-  if (ctx.event && 'nativeEvent' in ctx.event && ctx.event.nativeEvent) {
+  if (ctx.event && "nativeEvent" in ctx.event && ctx.event.nativeEvent) {
     return ctx.event.nativeEvent as H3Event;
   }
   // Otherwise, assume ctx.event is H3Event (development)
@@ -133,7 +139,7 @@ function setAuthCookies(
     path: "/",
     httpOnly: true,
     secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-    sameSite: "lax",
+    sameSite: "strict",
     ...options
   };
 
@@ -310,8 +316,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         // Create session with client info
         const clientIP = getClientIP(getH3Event(ctx));
-        const userAgent =
+        const userAgent = getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
-          getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
         const sessionId = await createSession(
           userId,
           "14d",
@@ -326,7 +331,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-          sameSite: "lax"
+          sameSite: "strict"
         });
 
         // Set CSRF token for authenticated session
@@ -493,8 +498,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         // Create session with client info
         const clientIP = getClientIP(getH3Event(ctx));
-        const userAgent =
+        const userAgent = getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
-          getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
         const sessionId = await createSession(
           userId,
           "14d",
@@ -509,7 +513,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-          sameSite: "lax"
+          sameSite: "strict"
         });
 
         // Set CSRF token for authenticated session
@@ -613,8 +617,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         // Create session with client info
         const clientIP = getClientIP(getH3Event(ctx));
-        const userAgent =
+        const userAgent = getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
-          getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
         const expiresIn = rememberMe ? "14d" : "12h";
         const sessionId = await createSession(
           userId,
@@ -629,19 +632,14 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-          sameSite: "lax"
+          sameSite: "strict"
         };
 
         if (rememberMe) {
           cookieOptions.maxAge = 60 * 60 * 24 * 14;
         }
 
-        setCookie(
+        setCookie(getH3Event(ctx), "userIDToken", userToken, cookieOptions);
-          getH3Event(ctx),
-          "userIDToken",
-          userToken,
-          cookieOptions
-        );
 
         // Set CSRF token for authenticated session
         setCSRFToken(getH3Event(ctx));
@@ -789,8 +787,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         // Create session with client info
         const clientIP = getClientIP(getH3Event(ctx));
-        const userAgent =
+        const userAgent = getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
-          getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
         const sessionId = await createSession(
           userId,
           "14d",
@@ -805,7 +802,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-          sameSite: "lax"
+          sameSite: "strict"
         });
 
         // Set CSRF token for authenticated session
@@ -869,23 +866,57 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         // Check all conditions after password verification
         if (!user || !passwordHash || !passwordMatch) {
-          // Debug logging (remove after fixing)
+          // Record failed login attempt if user exists
-          console.log("Login failed for:", email);
+          if (user?.id) {
-          console.log("User found:", !!user);
+            const lockoutStatus = await recordFailedLogin(user.id);
-          console.log("Password hash exists:", !!passwordHash);
-          console.log("Password match:", passwordMatch);
 
-          // Log failed login attempt (wrap in try-catch to ensure it never blocks auth flow)
+            if (lockoutStatus.isLocked) {
+              const remainingSec = Math.ceil(
+                (lockoutStatus.remainingMs || 0) / 1000
+              );
+
+              // Log account lockout
               try {
                 const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(
                   getH3Event(ctx)
                 );
                 await logAuditEvent({
+                  userId: user.id,
                   eventType: "auth.login.failed",
                   eventData: {
                     email,
                     method: "password",
-                reason: "invalid_credentials"
+                    reason: "account_locked",
+                    failedAttempts: lockoutStatus.failedAttempts
+                  },
+                  ipAddress,
+                  userAgent,
+                  success: false
+                });
+              } catch (auditError) {
+                console.error("Audit logging failed:", auditError);
+              }
+
+              throw new TRPCError({
+                code: "FORBIDDEN",
+                message: `Account locked due to too many failed login attempts. Try again in ${Math.ceil(remainingSec / 60)} minutes.`
+              });
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Log failed login attempt
+          try {
+            const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(getH3Event(ctx));
+            await logAuditEvent({
+              userId: user?.id,
+              eventType: "auth.login.failed",
+              eventData: {
+                email,
+                method: "password",
+                reason: "invalid_credentials",
+                failedAttempts: user?.id
+                  ? (res.rows[0]?.failed_attempts as number)
+                  : undefined
               },
               ipAddress,
               userAgent,
@@ -901,6 +932,19 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           });
         }
 
+        // Check if account is locked before allowing login
+        const lockoutCheck = await checkAccountLockout(user.id);
+        if (lockoutCheck.isLocked) {
+          const remainingSec = Math.ceil(
+            (lockoutCheck.remainingMs || 0) / 1000
+          );
+
+          throw new TRPCError({
+            code: "FORBIDDEN",
+            message: `Account is locked due to too many failed login attempts. Try again in ${Math.ceil(remainingSec / 60)} minutes.`
+          });
+        }
+
         if (
           !user.provider ||
           !["email", "google", "github", "apple"].includes(user.provider)
@@ -911,11 +955,13 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           });
         }
 
+        // Reset failed attempts on successful login
+        await resetFailedAttempts(user.id);
+
         const expiresIn = rememberMe ? "14d" : "12h";
 
         // Create session with client info (reuse clientIP from rate limiting)
-        const userAgent =
+        const userAgent = getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
-          getUserAgent(getH3Event(ctx));
         const sessionId = await createSession(
           user.id,
           expiresIn,
@@ -929,7 +975,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: env.NODE_ENV === "production",
-          sameSite: "lax"
+          sameSite: "strict"
         };
 
         if (rememberMe) {
@@ -959,7 +1005,10 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
       } catch (error) {
         // Log the actual error for debugging
         console.error("emailPasswordLogin error:", error);
-        console.error("Error stack:", error instanceof Error ? error.stack : "no stack");
+        console.error(
+          "Error stack:",
+          error instanceof Error ? error.stack : "no stack"
+        );
 
         // Re-throw TRPCErrors as-is
         if (error instanceof TRPCError) {
@@ -986,10 +1035,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
       const { email, rememberMe } = input;
 
       try {
-        const requested = getCookie(
+        const requested = getCookie(getH3Event(ctx), "emailLoginLinkRequested");
-          getH3Event(ctx),
-          "emailLoginLinkRequested"
-        );
         if (requested) {
           const expires = new Date(requested);
           const remaining = expires.getTime() - Date.now();
@@ -1111,10 +1157,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
       rateLimitPasswordReset(clientIP, getH3Event(ctx));
 
       try {
-        const requested = getCookie(
+        const requested = getCookie(getH3Event(ctx), "passwordResetRequested");
-          getH3Event(ctx),
-          "passwordResetRequested"
-        );
         if (requested) {
           const expires = new Date(requested);
           const remaining = expires.getTime() - Date.now();
@@ -1138,11 +1181,9 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
 
         const user = res.rows[0] as unknown as User;
 
-        const secret = new TextEncoder().encode(env.JWT_SECRET_KEY);
+        // Create password reset token (1 hour expiry, single-use)
-        const token = await new SignJWT({ id: user.id })
+        const { token } = await createPasswordResetToken(user.id);
-          .setProtectedHeader({ alg: "HS256" })
+
-          .setExpirationTime("15m")
-          .sign(secret);
         const domain = env.VITE_DOMAIN || "https://freno.me";
         const htmlContent = `<html>
 <head>
@@ -1176,6 +1217,9 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
     <div class="center">
         <a href="${domain}/login/password-reset?token=${token}" class="button">Reset Password</a>
     </div>
+    <div class="center">
+        <p>This link will expire in 1 hour and can only be used once.</p>
+    </div>
     <div class="center">
         <p>You can ignore this if you did not request this email, someone may have requested it in error</p>
     </div>
@@ -1212,9 +1256,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
         if (
           !(error instanceof TRPCError && error.code === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS")
         ) {
-          const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(
+          const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(getH3Event(ctx));
-            getH3Event(ctx)
-          );
           await logAuditEvent({
             eventType: "auth.password.reset.request",
             eventData: {
@@ -1265,22 +1307,24 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
       }
 
       try {
-        const secret = new TextEncoder().encode(env.JWT_SECRET_KEY);
+        // Validate and consume the password reset token
-        const { payload } = await jwtVerify(token, secret);
+        const tokenValidation = await validatePasswordResetToken(token);
 
-        if (!payload.id || typeof payload.id !== "string") {
+        if (!tokenValidation) {
           throw new TRPCError({
             code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
-            message: "bad token"
+            message: "Invalid or expired reset token"
           });
         }
 
+        const { userId, tokenId } = tokenValidation;
+
         const conn = ConnectionFactory();
         const passwordHash = await hashPassword(newPassword);
 
         const userRes = await conn.execute({
           sql: "SELECT provider FROM User WHERE id = ?",
-          args: [payload.id]
+          args: [userId]
         });
 
         if (userRes.rows.length === 0) {
@@ -1297,16 +1341,20 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
           !["google", "github", "apple"].includes(currentProvider)
         ) {
           await conn.execute({
-            sql: "UPDATE User SET password_hash = ?, provider = ? WHERE id = ?",
+            sql: "UPDATE User SET password_hash = ?, provider = ?, failed_attempts = 0, locked_until = NULL WHERE id = ?",
-            args: [passwordHash, "email", payload.id]
+            args: [passwordHash, "email", userId]
           });
         } else {
           await conn.execute({
-            sql: "UPDATE User SET password_hash = ? WHERE id = ?",
+            sql: "UPDATE User SET password_hash = ?, failed_attempts = 0, locked_until = NULL WHERE id = ?",
-            args: [passwordHash, payload.id]
+            args: [passwordHash, userId]
           });
         }
 
+        // Mark token as used
+        await markPasswordResetTokenUsed(tokenId);
+
+        // Clear authentication cookies
         setCookie(getH3Event(ctx), "emailToken", "", {
           maxAge: 0,
           path: "/"
@@ -1319,7 +1367,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
         // Log successful password reset
         const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(getH3Event(ctx));
         await logAuditEvent({
-          userId: payload.id,
+          userId: userId,
           eventType: "auth.password.reset.complete",
           eventData: {},
           ipAddress,
@@ -1347,7 +1395,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
         console.error("Password reset error:", error);
         throw new TRPCError({
           code: "UNAUTHORIZED",
-          message: "token expired"
+          message: "Invalid or expired reset token"
         });
       }
     }),
@@ -1466,9 +1514,7 @@ export const authRouter = createTRPCRouter({
         if (
           !(error instanceof TRPCError && error.code === "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS")
         ) {
-          const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(
+          const { ipAddress, userAgent } = getAuditContext(getH3Event(ctx));
-            getH3Event(ctx)
-          );
           await logAuditEvent({
             eventType: "auth.email.verify.request",
             eventData: {

src/server/security.ts

@@ -400,3 +400,251 @@ export function rateLimitEmailVerification(
     event
   );
 }
+
+// ========== Account Lockout ==========
+
+/**
+ * Account lockout configuration
+ */
+export const ACCOUNT_LOCKOUT = {
+  MAX_FAILED_ATTEMPTS: 5,
+  LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS: 5 * 60 * 1000 // 5 minutes
+} as const;
+
+/**
+ * Check if an account is locked
+ * @param userId - User ID to check
+ * @returns Object with isLocked status and remaining time if locked
+ */
+export async function checkAccountLockout(userId: string): Promise<{
+  isLocked: boolean;
+  remainingMs?: number;
+  lockedUntil?: string;
+}> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  const result = await conn.execute({
+    sql: "SELECT locked_until, failed_attempts FROM User WHERE id = ?",
+    args: [userId]
+  });
+
+  if (result.rows.length === 0) {
+    return { isLocked: false };
+  }
+
+  const user = result.rows[0];
+  const lockedUntil = user.locked_until as string | null;
+
+  if (!lockedUntil) {
+    return { isLocked: false };
+  }
+
+  const lockExpiry = new Date(lockedUntil);
+  const now = new Date();
+
+  if (lockExpiry > now) {
+    const remainingMs = lockExpiry.getTime() - now.getTime();
+    return {
+      isLocked: true,
+      remainingMs,
+      lockedUntil
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Lockout expired, clear it
+  await conn.execute({
+    sql: "UPDATE User SET locked_until = NULL, failed_attempts = 0 WHERE id = ?",
+    args: [userId]
+  });
+
+  return { isLocked: false };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Record a failed login attempt and lock account if threshold exceeded
+ * @param userId - User ID
+ * @returns Object with isLocked status and remaining time if locked
+ */
+export async function recordFailedLogin(userId: string): Promise<{
+  isLocked: boolean;
+  remainingMs?: number;
+  failedAttempts: number;
+}> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  // Increment failed attempts
+  const result = await conn.execute({
+    sql: `UPDATE User 
+          SET failed_attempts = COALESCE(failed_attempts, 0) + 1 
+          WHERE id = ? 
+          RETURNING failed_attempts`,
+    args: [userId]
+  });
+
+  const failedAttempts = (result.rows[0]?.failed_attempts as number) || 0;
+
+  // Check if we should lock the account
+  if (failedAttempts >= ACCOUNT_LOCKOUT.MAX_FAILED_ATTEMPTS) {
+    const lockedUntil = new Date(
+      Date.now() + ACCOUNT_LOCKOUT.LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS
+    );
+
+    await conn.execute({
+      sql: "UPDATE User SET locked_until = ? WHERE id = ?",
+      args: [lockedUntil.toISOString(), userId]
+    });
+
+    return {
+      isLocked: true,
+      remainingMs: ACCOUNT_LOCKOUT.LOCKOUT_DURATION_MS,
+      failedAttempts
+    };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    isLocked: false,
+    failedAttempts
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reset failed login attempts on successful login
+ * @param userId - User ID
+ */
+export async function resetFailedAttempts(userId: string): Promise<void> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  await conn.execute({
+    sql: "UPDATE User SET failed_attempts = 0, locked_until = NULL WHERE id = ?",
+    args: [userId]
+  });
+}
+
+// ========== Password Reset Token Management ==========
+
+/**
+ * Password reset token configuration
+ */
+export const PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIG = {
+  TOKEN_EXPIRY_MS: 60 * 60 * 1000 // 1 hour
+} as const;
+
+/**
+ * Create a password reset token
+ * @param userId - User ID
+ * @returns The reset token and token ID
+ */
+export async function createPasswordResetToken(userId: string): Promise<{
+  token: string;
+  tokenId: string;
+  expiresAt: string;
+}> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const { v4: uuid } = await import("uuid");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  // Generate cryptographically secure token
+  const token = crypto.randomUUID();
+  const tokenId = uuid();
+  const expiresAt = new Date(
+    Date.now() + PASSWORD_RESET_CONFIG.TOKEN_EXPIRY_MS
+  );
+
+  // Invalidate any existing unused tokens for this user
+  await conn.execute({
+    sql: "UPDATE PasswordResetToken SET used_at = datetime('now') WHERE user_id = ? AND used_at IS NULL",
+    args: [userId]
+  });
+
+  // Create new token
+  await conn.execute({
+    sql: `INSERT INTO PasswordResetToken (id, token, user_id, expires_at)
+          VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)`,
+    args: [tokenId, token, userId, expiresAt.toISOString()]
+  });
+
+  return {
+    token,
+    tokenId,
+    expiresAt: expiresAt.toISOString()
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate and consume a password reset token
+ * @param token - Reset token
+ * @returns User ID if valid, null otherwise
+ */
+export async function validatePasswordResetToken(
+  token: string
+): Promise<{ userId: string; tokenId: string } | null> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  const result = await conn.execute({
+    sql: `SELECT id, user_id, expires_at, used_at 
+          FROM PasswordResetToken 
+          WHERE token = ?`,
+    args: [token]
+  });
+
+  if (result.rows.length === 0) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const tokenRecord = result.rows[0];
+
+  // Check if already used
+  if (tokenRecord.used_at) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Check if expired
+  const expiresAt = new Date(tokenRecord.expires_at as string);
+  if (expiresAt < new Date()) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    userId: tokenRecord.user_id as string,
+    tokenId: tokenRecord.id as string
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mark a password reset token as used
+ * @param tokenId - Token ID
+ */
+export async function markPasswordResetTokenUsed(
+  tokenId: string
+): Promise<void> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  await conn.execute({
+    sql: "UPDATE PasswordResetToken SET used_at = datetime('now') WHERE id = ?",
+    args: [tokenId]
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Clean up expired password reset tokens
+ * Should be run periodically (e.g., via cron job)
+ */
+export async function cleanupExpiredPasswordResetTokens(): Promise<number> {
+  const { ConnectionFactory } = await import("./database");
+  const conn = ConnectionFactory();
+
+  const result = await conn.execute({
+    sql: `DELETE FROM PasswordResetToken 
+          WHERE expires_at < datetime('now')
+          OR used_at IS NOT NULL
+          RETURNING id`,
+    args: []
+  });
+
+  return result.rows.length;
+}