feat(feed): bound feed lifecycle to 30-day window with nonblocking refresh

Persisted feeds keep only episodes from the last 30 days (plus completed
downloads); older episodes live in volatile memory and survive refreshes
via union merge, with per-feed in-memory caches capped at 500. Refresh
batches run at FETCH_CONCURRENCY=4 with per-feed incremental apply (no
Promise.all barrier), config.json writes are trailing-edge debounced
(250ms, immediate flushPendingSave for unsubscribes), and cold
fetch-more refetches abort at FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS. A shared activity store
powers a global top-right indicator covering refresh, fetch-more,
subscribe, search, and downloads.

Also includes the in-flight incremental RSS parsing (chunked with
event-loop yields) and refresh spinner work this tree already carried.

src/api/rss-parser.ts

@@ -74,15 +74,18 @@ const parseEpisodeType = (raw: string): EpisodeType | undefined => {
   return undefined
 }
 
-export const parseRSSFeed = (xml: string, feedUrl: string): Podcast & { episodes: Episode[] } => {
+/** Extract the `<item>` blocks from an RSS document (the sync part of
+ *  parsing is bounded to this single regex pass). Exported so the feed store
+ *  can parse episodes incrementally without re-deriving item boundaries. */
+export const getRSSItems = (xml: string): string[] => {
   const channel = xml.match(/<channel[\s\S]*?<\/channel>/i)?.[0] ?? xml
-  const title = cleanField(getTagValue(channel, "title")) || "Untitled Podcast"
+  return channel.match(/<item[\s\S]*?<\/item>/gi) ?? []
-  const description = cleanField(getTagValue(channel, "description"))
+}
-  const author = decodeEntities(getTagValue(channel, "itunes:author"))
-  const lastUpdated = new Date()
 
-  const items = channel.match(/<item[\s\S]*?<\/item>/gi) ?? []
+/** Parse a single `<item>` into an Episode. Exported so the feed store can
-  const episodes = items.map((item, index) => {
+ *  parse large feeds in bounded chunks (yielding to the event loop between
+ *  chunks) instead of one synchronous block. */
+export const parseRSSItem = (item: string, feedUrl: string, index: number): Episode => {
   const epTitle = cleanField(getTagValue(item, "title")) || `Episode ${index + 1}`
   const epDescription = cleanField(getTagValue(item, "description"))
   const pubDate = new Date(getTagValue(item, "pubDate") || Date.now())
@@ -132,7 +135,20 @@ export const parseRSSFeed = (xml: string, feedUrl: string): Podcast & { episodes
   if (mimeType) ep.mimeType = mimeType
 
   return ep
-  })
+}
+
+/** Parse a full RSS document (channel metadata + all episodes). The sync
+ *  whole-feed variant — callers that parse potentially huge feeds on a UI
+ *  thread should prefer the store's chunked incremental parse instead. */
+export const parseRSSFeed = (xml: string, feedUrl: string): Podcast & { episodes: Episode[] } => {
+  const channel = xml.match(/<channel[\s\S]*?<\/channel>/i)?.[0] ?? xml
+  const title = cleanField(getTagValue(channel, "title")) || "Untitled Podcast"
+  const description = cleanField(getTagValue(channel, "description"))
+  const author = decodeEntities(getTagValue(channel, "itunes:author"))
+  const lastUpdated = new Date()
+
+  const items = getRSSItems(xml)
+  const episodes = items.map((item, index) => parseRSSItem(item, feedUrl, index))
 
   return {
     id: feedUrl,

src/components/GlobalActivityIndicator.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import { Show } from "solid-js";
+import { useFeedStore } from "@/stores/feed";
+import { useSearchStore } from "@/stores/search";
+import { useDownloadStore } from "@/stores/download";
+import { useActivityStore } from "@/stores/activity";
+import { LoadingIndicator } from "@/components/LoadingIndicator";
+
+/**
+ * GlobalActivityIndicator — one global top-right signal that ANY feed
+ * refresh, fetch-more, subscribe fetch, search, or download is in flight.
+ * Per-page spinners are unchanged; this overlays the content row and status
+ * bar as a single app-wide "something is happening" indicator.
+ */
+export function GlobalActivityIndicator() {
+  const feedStore = useFeedStore();
+  const searchStore = useSearchStore();
+  const downloadStore = useDownloadStore();
+  const activity = useActivityStore();
+
+  /** True while any tracked activity is in flight */
+  const isActive = () =>
+    feedStore.isLoadingFeeds() ||
+    feedStore.isLoadingMore() ||
+    searchStore.isSearching() ||
+    downloadStore.getActiveCount() + downloadStore.getQueue().length > 0 ||
+    activity.isActive();
+
+  /** Label priority: downloads in flight > latest tracked activity >
+   *  generic loading (only reachable when an isLoading/isSearching flag is
+   *  on but nothing else is). */
+  const label = () => {
+    const activeCount = downloadStore.getActiveCount();
+    const queueLength = downloadStore.getQueue().length;
+    if (activeCount + queueLength > 0) {
+      return `Downloading ${activeCount}${
+        queueLength > 0 ? ` +${queueLength} queued` : ""
+      }`;
+    }
+    if (activity.isActive()) {
+      const latest = activity.labels().at(-1);
+      return `${latest ?? "Loading"}…`;
+    }
+    return "Loading…";
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <Show when={isActive()}>
+      <box position="absolute" top={0} right={0} paddingRight={1}>
+        <LoadingIndicator label={label()} />
+      </box>
+    </Show>
+  );
+}

src/components/PaneRow.tsx

@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ export type PaneRowProps = {
 	/** Number of visible columns. `3` (default) = parent|current|preview;
 	 *  `2` = parent|current (preview omitted, current grows to fill). */
 	panes?: 2 | 3;
+	/** Which sides of the current column's border render. Defaults to
+	 *  `["left", "right"]` (the standard focused-list frame). */
+	currentBorder?: boolean | BorderSides[];
 };
 
 // ── Helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -181,6 +184,9 @@ export function PaneRow(props: PaneRowProps) {
 			? PANE_RATIO.current + PANE_RATIO.preview
 			: PANE_RATIO.current,
 	);
+	const currentBorder = createMemo<boolean | BorderSides[]>(
+		() => props.currentBorder ?? ["left", "right"],
+	);
 
 	return (
 		<box flexDirection="row" flexGrow={1} width="100%" height="100%">
@@ -197,7 +203,7 @@ export function PaneRow(props: PaneRowProps) {
 				grow={currentGrow()}
 				label={() => ""}
 				content={currentContent}
-				border={["left", "right"]}
+				border={currentBorder()}
 				scrollFocused={() => focused()}
 			/>
 			{/* ── preview (30%) — hovered-item detail; no border, no header ────── */}

src/components/Shell.tsx

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import { TABS } from "@/utils/navigation";
 import { createDispatcher } from "@/utils/dispatch";
 import { TabListPane } from "@/components/TabPanel";
 import { PaneRow } from "@/components/PaneRow";
+import { GlobalActivityIndicator } from "@/components/GlobalActivityIndicator";
 
 export function Shell() {
 	const theme = useTheme();
@@ -396,6 +397,8 @@ export function Shell() {
 					theme={t as any}
 				/>
 			</Show>
+			{/* ── Global activity indicator (top-right overlay) ─────────────────────── */}
+			<GlobalActivityIndicator />
 		</box>
 	);
 }

src/pages/Feed/FeedPage.tsx

@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ function FeedPage() {
 		<Show
 			when={episodes().length > 0}
 			fallback={
-				<box padding={1}>
+				<box padding={1} alignItems="center">
 					<Show
 						when={feedStore.isLoadingFeeds()}
 						fallback={
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ function FeedPage() {
 				</box>
 			</Show>
 			<Show when={feedStore.isLoadingFeeds()}>
-				<box paddingLeft={2} paddingTop={1}>
+				<box alignItems="center" paddingTop={1}>
 					<LoadingIndicator label="Refreshing…" />
 				</box>
 			</Show>

src/pages/Player/PlayerPage.tsx

@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ export function PlayerPage() {
 			currentLabel="Player"
 			panes={2}
 			focused={isActive}
+			currentBorder={["left"]}
 		/>
 	);
 }

src/stores/activity.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/**
+ * Activity store for PodTUI
+ *
+ * Shared leak-proof activity counter: any store can surface "something is
+ * loading/downloading" to the global top-right indicator. beginActivity
+ * returns an end token that removes exactly THAT instance, so concurrent
+ * overlapping activities compose correctly; prefer track() so callers
+ * cannot strand the counter.
+ */
+
+import { createSignal } from "solid-js";
+
+/** Create activity store */
+function createActivityStore() {
+	const [count, setCount] = createSignal(0);
+	const [labels, setLabels] = createSignal<string[]>([]);
+
+	/** Begin a tracked activity and return its end function. Every begin
+	 *  MUST be paired with exactly one call of the returned end (via the
+	 *  token); prefer track() so the pairing is automatic. Duplicate labels
+	 *  are allowed — each end removes exactly one instance (found by
+	 *  indexOf). */
+	const beginActivity = (label: string): (() => void) => {
+		setLabels((prev) => [...prev, label]);
+		setCount((c) => c + 1);
+		let ended = false;
+		return () => {
+			if (ended) return;
+			ended = true;
+			setLabels((prev) => {
+				const idx = prev.indexOf(label);
+				if (idx === -1) return prev;
+				const next = [...prev];
+				next.splice(idx, 1);
+				return next;
+			});
+			setCount((c) => Math.max(0, c - 1));
+		};
+	};
+
+	/** Track a promise: begin an activity, auto-end when it settles, and
+	 *  re-throw on rejection so the caller's error handling is untouched. */
+	const track = async <T,>(p: Promise<T>, label: string): Promise<T> => {
+		const end = beginActivity(label);
+		try {
+			return await p;
+		} finally {
+			end();
+		}
+	};
+
+	/** True while at least one activity is in flight */
+	const isActive = (): boolean => count() > 0;
+
+	return {
+		// State
+		count,
+		labels,
+		// Actions
+		beginActivity,
+		track,
+		// Getters
+		isActive,
+	};
+}
+
+/** Singleton activity store */
+let activityStoreInstance: ReturnType<typeof createActivityStore> | null = null;
+
+export function useActivityStore() {
+	if (!activityStoreInstance) {
+		activityStoreInstance = createActivityStore();
+	}
+	return activityStoreInstance;
+}

src/stores/feed.ts

@@ -10,15 +10,17 @@ import type { Podcast } from "../types/podcast";
 import type { Episode } from "../types/episode";
 import type { PodcastSource } from "../types/source";
 import { DEFAULT_SOURCES } from "../types/source";
-import { parseRSSFeed } from "../api/rss-parser";
+import { getRSSItems, parseRSSItem } from "../api/rss-parser";
 import { resolveItunesFeedUrl } from "../utils/itunes-feed-resolver";
 import { savePodcastIndexCredentials } from "../utils/source-credentials";
+import { mergeEpisodes } from "../utils/episode-merge";
 import {
 	loadFeedsFromFile,
 	saveFeedsToFile,
 	loadSourcesFromFile,
 	saveSourcesToFile,
 } from "../utils/feeds-persistence";
+import { useActivityStore } from "./activity";
 import { useDownloadStore } from "./download";
 import { useAppStore } from "./app";
 import { DownloadStatus } from "../types/episode";
@@ -29,13 +31,65 @@ const MAX_EPISODES_REFRESH = 50;
 /** Max episodes to fetch on initial subscribe */
 const MAX_EPISODES_SUBSCRIBE = 20;
 
+/** Per-feed bound on both the cached parse results and the merged in-memory
+ *  window; 500 covers years of a weekly show's history while capping a
+ *  20-subscription install at 10k episodes. */
+export const MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY = 500;
+
 /** Per-feed fetch timeout — a hung feed must not stall a refresh batch or
  *  the background refresh loop. */
 const FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
 
+/** Bounds simultaneous RSS requests during a refresh batch — a hung feed
+ *  burns at most one slot for FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS instead of pinning the whole
+ *  batch. */
+const FETCH_CONCURRENCY = 4;
+
 /** Default minutes between automatic background feed refreshes. */
 const DEFAULT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MINUTES = 30;
 
+/** Max episodes parsed per chunk before yielding to the event loop — bounds
+ *  the synchronous regex work per frame so one huge feed (or a batch of
+ *  feeds) can't stall the renderer. */
+const PARSE_CHUNK_SIZE = 25;
+
+/** Yield to the event loop (task queue) so the renderer can paint between
+ *  parse chunks. MessageChannel instead of setTimeout/setImmediate because
+ *  bun:test fake timers trap those (feed-refresh/pagination tests run under
+ *  vi.useFakeTimers and await refreshes, so a trapped yield would deadlock
+ *  them); MessageChannel posts are real task-queue turns that fire in both
+ *  environments. */
+const yieldToUI = (): Promise<void> =>
+	new Promise((resolve) => {
+		const { port1, port2 } = new MessageChannel();
+		port1.onmessage = () => {
+			port1.close();
+			port2.close();
+			resolve();
+		};
+		port2.postMessage(null);
+	});
+
+/** Parse all episodes from feed XML in bounded chunks, yielding to the event
+ *  loop between chunks. The whole-feed sync `parseRSSFeed` would otherwise
+ *  block the UI thread for the combined parse time of every feed in a
+ *  refresh batch. */
+const parseEpisodesIncremental = async (
+	xml: string,
+	feedUrl: string,
+): Promise<Episode[]> => {
+	const items = getRSSItems(xml);
+	const episodes: Episode[] = new Array(items.length);
+	for (let start = 0; start < items.length; start += PARSE_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+		const end = Math.min(start + PARSE_CHUNK_SIZE, items.length);
+		for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
+			episodes[i] = parseRSSItem(items[i], feedUrl, i);
+		}
+		if (end < items.length) await yieldToUI();
+	}
+	return episodes;
+};
+
 /** Cache of all parsed episodes per feed (feedId -> Episode[]) */
 const fullEpisodeCache = new Map<string, Episode[]>();
 
@@ -96,15 +150,42 @@ async function migratePlaintextCredentials(
 	return changed ? migrated : sources;
 }
 
-/** True when two episode lists hold the same episodes (id-set equality,
+/** True when the freshly fetched window matches the corresponding PREFIX of
- *  order-insensitive). Refreshes compare fetched content against this so an
+ *  the existing episode list (id-set equality, order-insensitive). With
- *  unchanged feed keeps its `lastUpdated` — and therefore its place in the
+ *  union semantics the merged list legitimately contains episodes BEYOND the
- *  "updated" sort — instead of reordering the list on every background
+ *  fetched window, so unchanged-detection must compare the fetched window
- *  refresh. */
+ *  against the existing list's prefix — comparing full lists would bump
-function sameEpisodes(a: Episode[], b: Episode[]): boolean {
+ *  `lastUpdated` on every refresh. */
-	if (a.length !== b.length) return false;
+function sameRefreshWindow(existing: Episode[], fetched: Episode[]): boolean {
-	const ids = new Set(a.map((e) => e.id));
+	if (fetched.length === 0) return true;
-	return b.every((e) => ids.has(e.id));
+	const prefix = existing.slice(0, fetched.length);
+	const ids = new Set(prefix.map((e) => e.id));
+	return fetched.every((e) => ids.has(e.id));
+}
+
+/** Run `fn` over every item with at most `limit` executions in flight — a
+ *  classic worker pool. Workers pull indexes from a shared counter, so the
+ *  first `limit` calls start immediately and each completion frees its slot
+ *  for the next item; results are assembled in INPUT order regardless of
+ *  completion order. A hung `fn` holds at most one slot. */
+async function mapWithConcurrency<T, R>(
+	items: T[],
+	limit: number,
+	fn: (item: T) => Promise<R>,
+): Promise<R[]> {
+	const results = new Array<R>(items.length);
+	let nextIndex = 0;
+	const workers = Array.from(
+		{ length: Math.min(limit, items.length) },
+		async () => {
+			let i: number;
+			while ((i = nextIndex++) < items.length) {
+				results[i] = await fn(items[i]);
+			}
+		},
+	);
+	await Promise.all(workers);
+	return results;
 }
 
 /** Create feed store */
@@ -122,6 +203,39 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 	const [isLoadingMore, setIsLoadingMore] = createSignal(false);
 	const [isLoadingFeeds, setIsLoadingFeeds] = createSignal(false);
 
+	// ── Debounced persistence ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+	/** Trailing-edge debounce window for config.json writes. */
+	const SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS = 250;
+	/** True when a save is scheduled but has not flushed yet. */
+	let savePending = false;
+	let pendingSaveTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
+
+	/** Schedule a config.json write (trailing edge) — rapid state changes
+	 *  (a refresh batch landing feed-by-feed, pin toggles, load-more pages)
+	 *  collapse into one final write instead of one file rewrite per step. */
+	const scheduleSaveFeeds = (): void => {
+		savePending = true;
+		if (pendingSaveTimer) clearTimeout(pendingSaveTimer);
+		pendingSaveTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+			pendingSaveTimer = null;
+			flushPendingSave();
+		}, SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS);
+	};
+
+	/** Persist immediately when anything is dirty; exported for tests and
+	 *  quit hooks. Cancels a pending debounced save — the state it would
+	 *  have written is already reflected in feeds(), so writing now is
+	 *  strictly more current. */
+	const flushPendingSave = (): void => {
+		if (pendingSaveTimer) {
+			clearTimeout(pendingSaveTimer);
+			pendingSaveTimer = null;
+		}
+		if (!savePending) return;
+		savePending = false;
+		saveFeeds(feeds());
+	};
+
 	/** Get filtered and sorted feeds */
 	const getFilteredFeeds = (): Feed[] => {
 		let result = [...feeds()];
@@ -230,12 +344,13 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			});
 			if (!response.ok) return null;
 			const xml = await response.text();
-			const parsed = parseRSSFeed(xml, feedUrl);
+			const allEpisodes = sortEpisodesReverseChronological(
-			const allEpisodes = sortEpisodesReverseChronological(parsed.episodes);
+				await parseEpisodesIncremental(xml, feedUrl),
+			);
 
 			// Cache all parsed episodes for pagination
 			if (feedId) {
-				fullEpisodeCache.set(feedId, allEpisodes);
+				fullEpisodeCache.set(feedId, allEpisodes.slice(0, MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY));
 				episodeLoadCount.set(feedId, Math.min(limit, allEpisodes.length));
 			}
 
@@ -256,6 +371,11 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 		sourceId: string,
 		visibility: FeedVisibility = FeedVisibility.PUBLIC,
 	): Promise<Feed | null> => {
+		const activity = useActivityStore();
+		// The "Subscribing" label covers the directory-resolve + subscribe
+		// fetch stretch — the gaps no existing signal (isLoadingFeeds,
+		// per-pane spinners) covers.
+		return activity.track((async () => {
 			// A directory stub (e.g. a show delisted from Apple Podcasts) has no
 			// feed URL; resolve the real feed from its directory page before
 			// subscribing. Refuse when it can't be resolved rather than adding a
@@ -289,12 +409,13 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			};
 			setFeeds((prev) => {
 				const updated = [...prev, newFeed];
-			saveFeeds(updated);
+				scheduleSaveFeeds();
 				return updated;
 			});
 			// Global auto-download: newly subscribed shows join the next pass.
 			runAutoDownload();
 			return newFeed;
+		})(), "Subscribing");
 	};
 
 	/** Download the N most recent episodes of every in-scope show, per the
@@ -332,10 +453,13 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 	};
 
 	/** Apply a freshly fetched episode list to one feed, bumping `lastUpdated`
-	 *  only when the content actually changed (see sameEpisodes). Returns the
+	 *  only when the content actually changed (see sameRefreshWindow). The
-	 *  ORIGINAL array reference when nothing changed so callers skip
+	 *  fetched window is MERGED into the existing episodes (fetched copy wins
-	 *  persistence entirely — a refresh that fetched identical episodes must
+	 *  on id collision) so a refresh never shrinks the in-memory list; the
-	 *  not re-sort the "updated" view. */
+	 *  union is capped at MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY. Returns the ORIGINAL array
+	 *  reference when nothing changed so callers skip persistence entirely —
+	 *  a refresh that fetched identical episodes must not re-sort the
+	 *  "updated" view. */
 	const applyRefreshedEpisodes = (
 		prev: Feed[],
 		feedId: string,
@@ -344,15 +468,18 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 		let changed = false;
 		const updated = prev.map((f) => {
 			if (f.id !== feedId) return f;
-			if (sameEpisodes(f.episodes, episodes)) return f;
+			const merged = mergeEpisodes(f.episodes, episodes, MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY);
+			if (sameRefreshWindow(f.episodes, episodes)) return f;
 			changed = true;
-			return { ...f, episodes, lastUpdated: new Date() };
+			return { ...f, episodes: merged, lastUpdated: new Date() };
 		});
 		return changed ? updated : prev;
 	};
 
 	/** Refresh a single feed - re-fetch latest 50 episodes */
 	const refreshFeed = async (feedId: string) => {
+		const activity = useActivityStore();
+		return activity.track((async () => {
 			const feed = getFeed(feedId);
 			if (!feed) return;
 			const episodes = await fetchEpisodes(
@@ -364,46 +491,50 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			if (!episodes) return;
 			setFeeds((prev) => {
 				const updated = applyRefreshedEpisodes(prev, feedId, episodes);
-			if (updated !== prev) saveFeeds(updated);
+				if (updated !== prev) scheduleSaveFeeds();
 				return updated;
 			});
 
 			// Global auto-download: ensure the N most recent episodes of in-scope
 			// shows are available offline after every refresh (idempotent).
 			runAutoDownload();
+		})(), "Refreshing");
 	};
 
-	/** Refresh all feeds — fetch every feed in parallel, then apply ONE
+	/** Refresh all feeds — bounded concurrency (at most FETCH_CONCURRENCY
-	 *  atomic update. Per-feed incremental setFeeds re-sorted the list once
+	 *  in-flight requests), and each feed's refreshed episodes are applied
-	 *  per completion (each refresh bumped lastUpdated and the "updated" sort
+	 *  AS ITS OWN FETCH LANDS (no Promise.all barrier). Per-feed apply is
-	 *  re-ran), which showed up as the list order flapping until the batch
+	 *  safe because applyRefreshedEpisodes keeps unchanged feeds' object
-	 *  finished. */
+	 *  identity and lastUpdated (union merge), so each feed's refreshed
+	 *  episodes render as its own fetch resolves — the order flapping the
+	 *  old atomic barrier existed to hide can no longer happen. */
 	const refreshAllFeeds = async () => {
 		setIsLoadingFeeds(true);
 		try {
-			const currentFeeds = feeds();
+			await mapWithConcurrency(
-			const results = await Promise.all(
+				feeds(),
-				currentFeeds.map(async (feed) => [
+				FETCH_CONCURRENCY,
-					feed.id,
+				async (feed) => {
-					await fetchEpisodes(
+					const episodes = await fetchEpisodes(
 						feed.podcast.feedUrl,
 						MAX_EPISODES_REFRESH,
 						feed.id,
-					),
-				] as const),
 					);
-			setFeeds((prev) => {
-				let updated = prev;
-				for (const [feedId, episodes] of results) {
 					// A failed fetch (null) leaves that feed untouched.
-					if (!episodes) continue;
+					if (!episodes) return;
-					updated = applyRefreshedEpisodes(updated, feedId, episodes);
+					setFeeds((prev) => {
-				}
+						const updated = applyRefreshedEpisodes(prev, feed.id, episodes);
-				if (updated !== prev) saveFeeds(updated);
+						if (updated !== prev) scheduleSaveFeeds();
 						return updated;
 					});
+				},
+			);
 			// Global auto-download: one idempotent pass after the batch.
 			runAutoDownload();
+			// A refresh batch always ends with a persisted write when
+			// anything changed — never leave the debounce's trailing edge
+			// pending across a process exit.
+			flushPendingSave();
 		} finally {
 			setIsLoadingFeeds(false);
 		}
@@ -476,7 +607,10 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 		episodeLoadCount.delete(feedId);
 		setFeeds((prev) => {
 			const updated = prev.filter((f) => f.id !== feedId);
-			saveFeeds(updated);
+			// Unsubscribe intent must not sit in the debounce window if the
+			// process exits — persist the removal immediately.
+			scheduleSaveFeeds();
+			flushPendingSave();
 			return updated;
 		});
 	};
@@ -489,7 +623,10 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			episodeLoadCount.delete(feed.id);
 			setFeeds((prev) => {
 				const updated = prev.filter((f) => f.podcast.feedUrl !== feedUrl);
-				saveFeeds(updated);
+				// Unsubscribe intent must not sit in the debounce window if
+				// the process exits — persist the removal immediately.
+				scheduleSaveFeeds();
+				flushPendingSave();
 				return updated;
 			});
 		}
@@ -501,7 +638,7 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			const updated = prev.map((f) =>
 				f.id === feedId ? { ...f, ...updates, lastUpdated: new Date() } : f,
 			);
-			saveFeeds(updated);
+			scheduleSaveFeeds();
 			return updated;
 		});
 	};
@@ -512,7 +649,7 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			const updated = prev.map((f) =>
 				f.id === feedId ? { ...f, isPinned: !f.isPinned } : f,
 			);
-			saveFeeds(updated);
+			scheduleSaveFeeds();
 			return updated;
 		});
 	};
@@ -606,16 +743,28 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 
 		// If no cache, re-fetch and parse the full feed
 		if (!cached) {
+			try {
 				const response = await fetch(feed.podcast.feedUrl, {
 					headers: {
 						"Accept-Encoding": "identity",
 						Accept: "application/rss+xml, application/xml, text/xml, */*",
 					},
+					// A hung feed must not stall the load-more path forever —
+					// mirror fetchEpisodes' per-feed timeout.
+					signal: AbortSignal.timeout(FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS),
 				});
 				if (!response.ok) return;
 				const xml = await response.text();
-			const parsed = parseRSSFeed(xml, feed.podcast.feedUrl);
+				cached = await parseEpisodesIncremental(xml, feed.podcast.feedUrl);
-			cached = parsed.episodes;
+			} catch {
+				// Failed/hung refetch: leave the feed's loaded episodes
+				// untouched rather than throwing out of loadMoreEpisodes.
+				return;
+			}
+			// Cold-refetch parse output is unsorted; sort and cap it so the
+			// cache and the pagination window stay newest-first and bounded.
+			cached = sortEpisodesReverseChronological(cached);
+			cached = cached.slice(0, MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY);
 			fullEpisodeCache.set(feedId, cached);
 			// Set current load count to match what's already displayed
 			episodeLoadCount.set(feedId, feed.episodes.length);
@@ -636,7 +785,7 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 			const updated = prev.map((f) =>
 				f.id === feedId ? { ...f, episodes } : f,
 			);
-			saveFeeds(updated);
+			scheduleSaveFeeds();
 			return updated;
 		});
 	};
@@ -713,6 +862,7 @@ function createFeedStore() {
 		loadMoreEpisodes,
 		loadMoreAllFeeds,
 		hasMoreAcrossAll,
+		flushPendingSave,
 		addSource,
 		removeSource,
 		toggleSource,

src/utils/config.ts

@@ -93,6 +93,13 @@ export function updateConfig(patch: Partial<PodTuiConfig>): void {
 	});
 }
 
+/** Resolve once every queued config write has flushed. Tests await this to
+ *  observe the serialized result of pending saveFeedsToFile/updateConfig
+ *  calls before asserting on config.json. */
+export function whenConfigIdle(): Promise<void> {
+	return writeChain;
+}
+
 /** Guards so migration runs exactly once per process. */
 let migrationDone = false;
 let migrationPromise: Promise<void> | null = null;

src/utils/episode-merge.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type { Episode } from "../types/episode"
+
+/** Sort key for an episode's pubDate — missing/invalid dates sort as NEWEST
+ *  (Infinity) so undated episodes float to the top instead of dropping into
+ *  the oldest slot. */
+const ts = (ep: Episode): number => {
+  const t = ep.pubDate?.getTime()
+  return t === undefined || Number.isNaN(t) ? Infinity : t
+}
+
+/**
+ * Union of two episode lists keyed by id — on collision the fetched copy
+ * wins (fresh metadata). Result is sorted newest-first by pubDate and capped
+ * at `cap` entries (oldest dropped). Never mutates either input.
+ */
+export function mergeEpisodes(
+  existing: Episode[],
+  fetched: Episode[],
+  cap: number,
+): Episode[] {
+  const byId = new Map<string, Episode>()
+  for (const ep of existing) byId.set(ep.id, ep)
+  for (const ep of fetched) byId.set(ep.id, ep)
+  const sorted = [...byId.values()].sort((a, b) => ts(b) - ts(a))
+  return sorted.slice(0, cap)
+}

src/utils/feeds-persistence.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,57 @@
  */
 
 import { loadConfig, updateConfig } from "./config";
+import { getConfigFilePath } from "./config-dir";
+import { DownloadStatus } from "../types/episode";
+import type { Episode } from "../types/episode";
 import type { Feed } from "../types/feed";
 import type { PodcastSource } from "../types/source";
 
+/** Retention window for persisted episodes: older episodes are dropped when
+ *  feeds are written to config.json unless they are completed downloads. */
+export const PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS = 30;
+
+/** True when an episode may be persisted: it is a completed download, or its
+ *  pubDate is missing/invalid (fail-safe: never drop an undatable episode),
+ *  or it falls inside the retention window. */
+export function episodeIsPersistable(
+	ep: Episode,
+	downloadedIds: Set<string>,
+	now: Date,
+): boolean {
+	if (downloadedIds.has(ep.id)) return true;
+	const t = ep.pubDate?.getTime();
+	if (!t || Number.isNaN(t)) return true;
+	return t >= now.getTime() - PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS * 24 * 3600 * 1000;
+}
+
+/** Episode ids of completed downloads, read from downloads.json. In-flight
+ *  downloads are NOT exempted from the retention window — a just-completed
+ *  download is re-included by the next save because the in-memory
+ *  feed.episodes still holds it. Missing/unreadable/invalid file → empty set. */
+async function readDownloadedEpisodeIds(): Promise<Set<string>> {
+	try {
+		const file = Bun.file(getConfigFilePath("downloads.json"));
+		if (!(await file.exists())) return new Set();
+		const raw = await file.json();
+		if (!Array.isArray(raw)) return new Set();
+		const ids = new Set<string>();
+		for (const rec of raw) {
+			if (
+				rec &&
+				typeof rec === "object" &&
+				rec.status === DownloadStatus.COMPLETED &&
+				typeof rec.episodeId === "string"
+			) {
+				ids.add(rec.episodeId);
+			}
+		}
+		return ids;
+	} catch {
+		return new Set();
+	}
+}
+
 /** Deserialize date strings back to Date objects in feed data */
 function reviveDates(feed: Feed): Feed {
 	return {
@@ -23,20 +71,54 @@ function reviveDates(feed: Feed): Feed {
 	};
 }
 
-/** Load feeds from config.json */
+/** Load feeds from config.json, pruning episodes outside the retention
+ *  window (completed downloads always kept). When anything was pruned, the
+ *  pruned list is rewritten to config.json (startup cleanup for legacy
+ *  configs). The read path is awaited so the returned value is deterministic. */
 export async function loadFeedsFromFile(): Promise<Feed[]> {
 	try {
 		const cfg = await loadConfig();
 		if (!Array.isArray(cfg.feeds)) return [];
-		return cfg.feeds.map(reviveDates);
+		const feeds = cfg.feeds.map(reviveDates);
+		const downloadedIds = await readDownloadedEpisodeIds();
+		const now = new Date();
+		let prunedAny = false;
+		const pruned = feeds.map((f) => {
+			const kept = f.episodes.filter((ep) =>
+				episodeIsPersistable(ep, downloadedIds, now),
+			);
+			if (kept.length !== f.episodes.length) prunedAny = true;
+			return { ...f, episodes: kept };
+		});
+		if (prunedAny) {
+			// Fire-and-forget cleanup rewrite of the legacy config.
+			saveFeedsToFile(pruned);
+		}
+		return pruned;
 	} catch {
 		return [];
 	}
 }
 
-/** Save feeds to config.json */
+/** Save feeds to config.json, pruning episodes outside the retention window
+ *  (completed downloads always kept). Fire-and-forget: the prune reads
+ *  downloads.json asynchronously, then enqueues the write. On any error the
+ *  UNPRUNED feeds are saved instead, so data is never lost. */
 export function saveFeedsToFile(feeds: Feed[]): void {
-	updateConfig({ feeds });
+	(async () => {
+		try {
+			const downloadedIds = await readDownloadedEpisodeIds();
+			const pruned = feeds.map((f) => ({
+				...f,
+				episodes: f.episodes.filter((ep) =>
+					episodeIsPersistable(ep, downloadedIds, new Date()),
+				),
+			}));
+			updateConfig({ feeds: pruned });
+		} catch {
+			updateConfig({ feeds }); /* never lose data on an error path */
+		}
+	})().catch(() => {});
 }
 
 /** Load sources from config.json */

tasks/bounded-feed-lifecycle/01-persisted-retention-window.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# 01. Persist only a 30-day episode window, keep downloaded episodes, clean up stale data
+
+meta:
+  id: bounded-feed-lifecycle-01
+  feature: bounded-feed-lifecycle
+  priority: P1
+  depends_on: []
+  tags: [implementation, tests-required]
+
+objective:
+
+- Bound what the app writes to `config.json`: each persisted feed keeps only episodes published within the last 30 days, plus any episode whose download is completed — everything older lives in volatile memory only (wired up in task 02). Loading an over-window legacy config must prune it automatically (cleanup on first launch).
+
+background (read this before touching code):
+
+- Feeds persist through `src/utils/feeds-persistence.ts`. `saveFeedsToFile(feeds)` is a fire-and-forget wrapper around `updateConfig({ feeds })` in `src/utils/config.ts`, which read-modify-writes the whole `config.json` behind a serialized promise chain (`writeChain`).
+- Today `saveFeedsToFile` writes every loaded episode, so `config.json` grows forever (the Feed page's "Fetch More" keeps expanding `feed.episodes` and saving).
+- Downloads persist separately in `downloads.json` (same config dir, see `src/utils/config-dir.ts` `getConfigFilePath("downloads.json")`). Each record has `episodeId`, `status`, `feedId`, etc. The `DownloadStatus` enum lives in `src/types/episode.ts` — read it there for the completed member's string value; do NOT hardcode a guessed string.
+- `src/stores/feed.ts` calls `saveFeedsToFile` from a module-scope `saveFeeds()` helper. Callers must not change in this task.
+- Style: match the file you edit. `feeds-persistence.ts` and `config.ts` are tab-indented WITH semicolons (some other repo files aren't — don't "fix" that anywhere).
+
+deliverables:
+
+- `src/utils/feeds-persistence.ts`:
+  - New exported constant `PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS = 30`.
+  - New exported pure function `episodeIsPersistable(ep: Episode, downloadedIds: Set<string>, now: Date): boolean` — returns `true` when:
+    - `ep.pubDate` is missing/not a valid `Date` (fail-safe: never drop an undatable episode), OR
+    - `ep.pubDate.getTime() >= now.getTime() - PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS * 24 * 3600 * 1000`, OR
+    - `downloadedIds.has(ep.id)`.
+  - New (module-private) async helper `readDownloadedEpisodeIds(): Promise<Set<string>>` — reads `getConfigFilePath("downloads.json")` with `Bun.file`, returns the `episodeId`s of records whose `status` equals `DownloadStatus.COMPLETED`; returns an empty set on any error or missing file. Note: an episode whose download is merely in-flight is NOT exempted; it will be re-included by the next save after completion, since the in-memory `feed.episodes` still holds it — document this in the function comment.
+  - `saveFeedsToFile(feeds: Feed[])` — before calling `updateConfig`, map each feed to `{ ...feed, episodes: feed.episodes.filter(ep => episodeIsPersistable(ep, downloadedIds, new Date())) }`. The downloaded-ids lookup is async, so wrap the whole body in a fire-and-forget async IIFE (`.catch(() => {})`) that preserves the existing sync/fire-and-forget signature; on any lookup failure, save the feeds unpruned (never lose data on an error path).
+  - `loadFeedsFromFile()` — after `reviveDates`, apply the same prune to the loaded feeds; if the prune removed at least one episode, call `saveFeedsToFile(pruned)` to rewrite `config.json` (this is the startup cleanup for legacy configs). `await` the prune path deterministically (the function is already async).
+- `src/utils/config.ts`:
+  - New exported `whenConfigIdle(): Promise<void>` returning the module-internal `writeChain` promise. Tests need a way to await pending serialized writes; today `updateConfig` hides the chain and tests cannot observe when a write lands.
+- `tests/feed-retention.test.ts` (new) — see tests section.
+
+steps:
+
+1. Read `src/types/episode.ts` to confirm `DownloadStatus.COMPLETED`'s runtime value and the `Episode` shape (`id`, `pubDate`).
+2. Read `src/utils/feeds-persistence.ts` and `src/utils/config.ts` fully (they are short).
+3. Add `whenConfigIdle()` to `config.ts` next to `updateConfig`.
+4. In `feeds-persistence.ts`: add imports (`getConfigFilePath` from `./config-dir`, `DownloadStatus` and `type Episode` from `../types/episode`), the constant, `episodeIsPersistable`, `readDownloadedEpisodeIds`, then rework `saveFeedsToFile` and `loadFeedsFromFile` per deliverables. Keep `reviveDates` untouched.
+5. Ensure `saveFeeds` in `src/stores/feed.ts` still compiles unchanged (signature-compatible).
+6. Write `tests/feed-retention.test.ts`, run it, then run the full suite and lint.
+
+tests:
+
+- Conventions (copy them): `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts` shows the harness — `mkdtempSync` into `process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME` **before** importing anything under test (module-level init reads the config dir), `rmSync` in `afterAll`, tabs/no-semicolon style not required but match repo.
+- New `tests/feed-retention.test.ts`:
+  - Unit (Arrange–Act–Assert) for `episodeIsPersistable`:
+    - episode 40 days old, not downloaded → `false`.
+    - episode 40 days old, id in `downloadedIds` → `true`.
+    - episode 5 days old → `true`.
+    - episode with `pubDate: new Date(NaN)` → `true` (fail-safe).
+  - Save-path integration:
+    - Arrange: write a `downloads.json` in the temp config dir containing one `completed` record for `old-downloaded-id` (include all fields the loader reads in `src/stores/download.ts`'s `DownloadRecord`: at minimum `episodeId`, `feedId`, `status`, `filePath: null`, `downloadedAt: null`, `fileSize: 0`, `error: null`, `audioUrl: ""`, `episodeTitle: ""`).
+    - Act: call `saveFeedsToFile([feed])` where the feed has three episodes — recent, old-not-downloaded (`id: "old-plain-id"`), old-downloaded (`id: "old-downloaded-id"`). Await `whenConfigIdle()` (plus one more microtask/`await Promise.resolve()` round if the async IIFE resolves after the chain call — flush both).
+    - Assert: parse `config.json` raw; the feed's persisted `episodes` contain the recent and `old-downloaded-id` episodes and NOT `old-plain-id`.
+  - Load-path cleanup:
+    - Arrange: seed `config.json` (write it directly with `Bun.write`) with one feed holding only over-window episodes; no `downloads.json`.
+    - Act: `await loadFeedsFromFile()`, then `await whenConfigIdle()`.
+    - Assert: returned feed has zero episodes AND re-reading `config.json` shows the episodes pruned (cleanup rewrite happened).
+
+acceptance_criteria:
+
+- `saveFeedsToFile` never writes an episode older than 30 days unless its id is a completed download in `downloads.json`.
+- `loadFeedsFromFile` prunes over-window episodes from legacy configs and rewrites `config.json` when it pruned anything.
+- Undatable episodes (`pubDate` missing/invalid) are always persisted.
+- No call site of `saveFeedsToFile`/`loadFeedsFromFile` needed to change (compatible signatures).
+- `bun test tests/feed-retention.test.ts` passes; the existing `bun test` suite passes; `bun run lint` is clean.
+
+validation:
+
+- `bun test tests/feed-retention.test.ts`
+- `bun test` (full suite — watch `feed-refresh`/`feed-pagination` for regressions)
+- `bun run lint`
+- Manual smoke (optional): `bun start`, subscribe to any feed, quit, then `cat ~/.config/podtui/config.json | python3 -c "import sys,json; print(max(e['pubDate'] for f in json.load(sys.stdin)['feeds'] for e in f['episodes']))"` and confirm no persisted episode is older than 30 days.
+
+notes:
+
+- `updateConfig` captures the patched data eagerly at call time (`JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(patch))`), so pruning in `saveFeedsToFile` before the `updateConfig` call is exactly where the filter must live — filtering later would be silently ineffective for already-queued writes.
+- This task intentionally does NOT change in-memory behavior, refresh merging, or cache bounds — that is task 02. If both are worked on in parallel, 02 imports nothing from 01 except the documented window semantics; the module-level contract above is the seam.
+- `downloads.json` is written by `src/stores/download.ts` (`saveDownloads`); reading it directly here avoids a store→module import cycle (download.ts already imports the feed store).

tasks/bounded-feed-lifecycle/02-volatile-episode-merge.md

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# 02. Merge refreshes against the volatile in-memory episode window with bounded per-feed caches
+
+meta:
+  id: bounded-feed-lifecycle-02
+  feature: bounded-feed-lifecycle
+  priority: P2
+  depends_on: [bounded-feed-lifecycle-01]
+  tags: [implementation, tests-required]
+
+objective:
+
+- Refreshing a feed must UNION the freshly fetched latest window with the episodes already in memory (instead of replacing), so episodes that task 01 pruned from disk — or deep episodes pulled in via "Fetch More" — survive refreshes within a session. Bound in-memory retention so memory stops growing unbounded (`fullEpisodeCache` currently holds every parsed episode of every feed ever fetched).
+
+background (read this before touching code):
+
+- All work lands in `src/stores/feed.ts` plus one new pure-utils module. Current behavior to change:
+  - `fetchEpisodes(feedUrl, limit, feedId?)` parses the whole feed, stores ALL episodes in the module-level `fullEpisodeCache` Map, returns the first `limit`.
+  - `refreshFeed` / `refreshAllFeeds` pass the fetched window through `applyRefreshedEpisodes`, which REPLACES `feed.episodes` when ids differ (`sameEpisodes` id-set compare; unchanged → keep object identity and skip save — this order-stability contract is pinned by `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts` and must keep passing).
+  - `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed` grows the displayed window from `fullEpisodeCache` (fetching+parsing the full feed when the cache is cold — e.g. after a restart), tracking progress in `episodeLoadCount`.
+- Task 01 made persistence prune everything over 30 days old (except completed downloads). After a restart, `feed.episodes` therefore only contains the 30-day persisted window; the full cached episode list is rebuilt lazily by the first fetch-more or refresh within the new session. This task makes the session-time behavior correct: old episodes stay browsable until the app exits, fetched refreshes never shrink the list.
+- Style: `feed.ts` is tab-indented WITH semicolons. New utils file: match `src/api/rss-parser.ts` style (2-space, no semicolons).
+
+deliverables:
+
+- New `src/utils/episode-merge.ts` (pure, store-free, unit-testable):
+  - `mergeEpisodes(existing: Episode[], fetched: Episode[], cap: number): Episode[]` — union by `ep.id`; on id collision the `fetched` copy wins (fresh metadata); result sorted by `pubDate` descending; truncated to `cap` entries (the OLDEST are dropped — after sorting, a plain `.slice(0, cap)`).
+  - Invariants: never mutates inputs; stable output for `existing=[]`; entries with invalid `pubDate` sort as newest (use `getTime()`, treat `NaN` as `+Infinity` with a small `ts()` helper).
+- `src/stores/feed.ts`:
+  - New constant `MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY = 500` (comment: per-feed bound on both the cached parse results and the merged in-memory window; 500 covers years of a weekly show's history while capping a 20-subscription install at 10k episodes).
+  - `fetchEpisodes`: cap what goes into `fullEpisodeCache` — `fullEpisodeCache.set(feedId, allEpisodes.slice(0, MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY))` (the array is already sorted newest-first via `sortEpisodesReverseChronological`). The LIMIT window returned to callers is unchanged.
+  - `applyRefreshedEpisodes(prev, feedId, episodes)`: replace the `sameEpisodes` replace-with-fetched logic with merge semantics:
+    - Compute `merged = mergeEpisodes(f.episodes, episodes, MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY)`.
+    - Unchanged detection must compare the FETCHED window against the corresponding prefix of the existing list, i.e. keep a small `sameRefreshWindow(existing: Episode[], fetched: Episode[])` helper next to (and replacing the use of) `sameEpisodes`: `fetched.length === 0 → true`; otherwise compare id-sets of `fetched` and `existing.slice(0, fetched.length)`. Rationale: with union semantics `merged` legitimately contains episodes beyond the fetched window, so comparing full lists would bump `lastUpdated` on every refresh and resurrect the order-flapping bug `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts` guards.
+    - Return unmodified `prev` when every feed's window is unchanged (preserve the existing identity-no-save contract); on change, set `{ ...f, episodes: merged, lastUpdated: new Date() }`.
+    - Delete the now-unused `sameEpisodes` if nothing else references it (grep first: `grep sameEpisodes src tests`).
+  - `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`: cap the cold-refetch cache the same way after `parseEpisodesIncremental` (it's unsorted there — wrap with `sortEpisodesReverseChronological` before capping); everything else (window growth by `MAX_EPISODES_REFRESH`, `hasMoreEpisodes` comparing `episodeLoadCount < cached.length`) works unchanged against the capped cache.
+- `tests/feed-volatile-merge.test.ts` (new) — see tests section.
+
+steps:
+
+1. Read `src/stores/feed.ts` fully and `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts` + `tests/feed-pagination.test.ts` (they pin the contracts you must not break; reuse their harness).
+2. Write `src/utils/episode-merge.ts` with `mergeEpisodes`.
+3. Integrate in `feed.ts`: replace `sameEpisodes` usage with `sameRefreshWindow` + `mergeEpisodes` in `applyRefreshedEpisodes`; cap `fullEpisodeCache` writes in `fetchEpisodes` and `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`; add `MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY`.
+4. Run the existing feed tests — all must pass unchanged (merge must keep order stability and pagination intact).
+5. Write the new tests, run, then full suite + lint.
+
+tests:
+
+- New `tests/feed-volatile-merge.test.ts`:
+  - Pure unit (Arrange–Act–Assert) for `mergeEpisodes`:
+    - dedupe on collision, fetched copy wins (mutate title in the fetched twin, assert the merged entry shows the new title).
+    - union of disjoint lists sorted by `pubDate` desc.
+    - cap trimming drops the oldest: `cap=2`, three episodes spanning three days → the two newest survive.
+    - input arrays not mutated.
+  - Store integration (harness per `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts`: temp `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` BEFORE imports, `Bun.serve` on port 0 serving generated RSS, fake timers):
+    - Refresh-keeps-volatile-window: serve 3 episodes at t0, `addFeed`; then serve the same 3 plus 2 new ones, `refreshFeed`. Assert `feed.episodes.length === 5` AND `lastUpdated` advanced AND a second identical refresh leaves `lastUpdated` untouched (window-compare, not union-compare).
+    - Bounded cache: serve 600 items (generate programmatically), refresh, then `hasMoreEpisodes` grows only to the cap: loop `loadMoreEpisodes` until it returns false and assert total loaded ≤ `MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY` (import the constant from the store module if exported, else assert `=== 500`).
+- Existing suites that must keep passing: `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts`, `tests/feed-pagination.test.ts`, `tests/feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx`.
+
+acceptance_criteria:
+
+- A refresh never removes an episode that was visible before the refresh during the same session.
+- An unchanged refresh does not bump `lastUpdated` (object identity of the feed is preserved).
+- Per-feed cached/parsed episodes never exceed `MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY`; `loadMore` stops (hasMore → false) at the cap.
+- After a simulated restart (fresh store boot from a pruned config), fetch-more re-parses the feed and can surface over-30-day episodes in volatile memory.
+- `bun test` full suite passes; `bun run lint` clean.
+
+validation:
+
+- `bun test tests/feed-volatile-merge.test.ts tests/feed-refresh.test.ts tests/feed-pagination.test.ts`
+- `bun test`
+- `bun run lint`
+- Manual smoke: `bun start`, drill a show in My Shows, fetch-more a few pages, press `r` to refresh — the deep pages stay; quit and relaunch — deep (over-30-day) pages are gone from the list but fetch-more brings them back.
+
+notes:
+
+- Depends on task 01 only conceptually: without the persisted-window prune, this merge is still correct but harder to observe. If 01 isn't merged yet, the store tests still pass; the "restart keeps only 30 days" manual check requires 01.
+- `fullEpisodeCache`/`episodeLoadCount` are module-level Maps in `feed.ts` — the cap belongs at the two write sites named in deliverables, not in a wrapper.
+- Do not touch persistence writes in this task; debounced save behavior is task 03. Keep calling the module-scope `saveFeeds(updated)` helper exactly as today.

tasks/bounded-feed-lifecycle/03-nonblocking-feed-refresh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# 03. Make refresh/fetch-more/persistence nonblocking — bounded fetch concurrency, incremental per-feed apply, debounced saves
+
+meta:
+  id: bounded-feed-lifecycle-03
+  feature: bounded-feed-lifecycle
+  priority: P1
+  depends_on: [bounded-feed-lifecycle-01, bounded-feed-lifecycle-02]
+  tags: [implementation, tests-required]
+
+objective:
+
+- Feed loading must never block or stall the UI: refresh results render as each feed lands instead of after a `Promise.all` barrier, fetch concurrency is capped so 50 subscriptions don't fire 50 simultaneous requests, and `config.json` writes (full file read-modify-write on every change today) collapse into one debounced trailing write per settle window.
+
+background (read this before touching code):
+
+- Work lands in `src/stores/feed.ts` only (plus its tests). Current posture:
+  - `refreshAllFeeds()` fires `fetchEpisodes` for every feed at once via `Promise.all` and applies results in ONE `setFeeds` at the end — the user sees nothing until the slowest feed resolves or hits `FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS` (20s).
+  - `parseEpisodesIncremental` already chunks XML parsing and yields to the event loop via MessageChannel — keep that mechanism untouched; the blocking/stall risk today is the fetch barrier and the save path.
+  - `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`'s cold-cache refetch has NO timeout (copy the `AbortSignal.timeout(FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS)` pattern from `fetchEpisodes`).
+  - Persistence: `saveFeeds(updated)` → `saveFeedsToFile` → `updateConfig`, a serialized full-file read-`JSON.parse`-stringify-`Bun.write` chain in `src/utils/config.ts`. Called from `refreshFeed`, `refreshAllFeeds`, `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`, `addFeed`, `removeFeed*`, `updateFeed`, `togglePinned`.
+  - The boot IIFE calls `refreshAllFeeds()` right after `loadFeedsFromFile()` — this is the cold-start refresh users currently feel; first paint already happens because module init is async, but nothing renders per-feed until the barrier resolves.
+  - Single feed `refreshFeed` applies its own `setFeeds` immediately — reuse exactly that shape (fetch → apply-if-changed → mark save dirty) for the incremental batch path.
+- Tasks 01+02 must be merged first: this task debounces the pruned save path (01) and applies per-feed results through `applyRefreshedEpisodes`/`mergeEpisodes` (02).
+- Style: tab-indented WITH semicolons, JSDoc comments on non-obvious functions, section dividers `// ── Name ──…` per repo convention.
+- Tests here use `vi.useFakeTimers()` — `setTimeout`-based debounce must therefore be advanced with `vi.advanceTimersByTime` in tests; don't use `queueMicrotask`-style scheduling for the debounce.
+
+deliverables:
+
+- `src/stores/feed.ts`:
+  - New constant `FETCH_CONCURRENCY = 4` (comment: bounds simultaneous RSS requests; a hung feed burns at most one slot for `FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS`).
+  - New module-level async helper `mapWithConcurrency<T, R>(items: T[], limit: number, fn: (item: T) => Promise<R>): Promise<R[]>` — classic worker-pool: `limit` workers pulling indexes from a shared counter, results in input order. Pure and generic enough to unit-test.
+  - Rewritten `refreshAllFeeds()`:
+    - `setIsLoadingFeeds(true)` … `finally setIsLoadingFeeds(false)` as today.
+    - Process feeds through `mapWithConcurrency(feeds(), FETCH_CONCURRENCY, async (feed) => ...)`.
+    - Inside the per-feed callback: `fetchEpisodes(feed.podcast.feedUrl, MAX_EPISODES_REFRESH, feed.id)`; if non-null, immediately `setFeeds(prev => { const updated = applyRefreshedEpisodes(prev, feed.id, episodes); if (updated !== prev) scheduleSaveFeeds(); return updated; })`. Failed feeds (null) stay untouched, as today.
+    - After all workers settle: ONE `runAutoDownload()` (as today), and `flushPendingSave()` (below) so a refresh batch always ends with a persisted write when anything changed.
+  - Debounced save plumbing (module scope, replacing direct calls):
+    - `let pendingSaveTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null; const SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS = 250;`
+    - `scheduleSaveFeeds()` — after a state-changing update, mark dirty: set a `savePending = true` flag and (re)arm the trailing timer to fire `flushPendingSave()`.
+    - `flushPendingSave()` — if `savePending`, snapshot `feeds()`, call `saveFeeds(snapshot)`, clear flag/timer. Export it on the store's returned object (tests need it; also lets task 04/a future quit hook force a write).
+    - Convert ALL direct `saveFeeds(updated)` / `saveFeeds(newList)` call sites inside `setFeeds` callbacks to `scheduleSaveFeeds()` EXCEPT `removeFeed`/`removeFeedByUrl`, which must call both `scheduleSaveFeeds()` AND `flushPendingSave()` (an unsubscribe intent should not sit unsaved through the debounce window if the process exits). Keep the change mechanical: same call sites, new indirection.
+  - `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`: add `signal: AbortSignal.timeout(FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS)` to the cold refetch and return early on non-OK/throw (wrap in try/catch mirroring `fetchEpisodes`).
+- `tests/feed-nonblocking.test.ts` (new) — see tests section.
+
+steps:
+
+1. Read `src/stores/feed.ts` and confirm tasks 01/02 are merged (`episodeIsPersistable` in `src/utils/feeds-persistence.ts`, `mergeEpisodes` in `src/utils/episode-merge.ts`).
+2. Add `FETCH_CONCURRENCY`, `mapWithConcurrency`, and the debounce plumbing.
+3. Rewrite `refreshAllFeeds` per deliverables; convert the save call sites.
+4. Add the fetch timeout to `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`'s cold refetch.
+5. Export `flushPendingSave` from the store's return object (Actions section).
+6. Write `tests/feed-nonblocking.test.ts`; run new + existing feed tests; full suite; lint.
+
+tests:
+
+- Harness conventions: copy `tests/feed-refresh.test.ts` (temp `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` BEFORE store imports; `Bun.serve` port 0; `vi.useFakeTimers()` in `beforeEach`). Note `vi.advanceTimersByTime(...)` also drives the debounce timer and the MessageChannel yields used by the parser are real task-queue turns (safe under fake timers per the comment on `yieldToUI`).
+- New `tests/feed-nonblocking.test.ts`:
+  - Concurrency bound: server records concurrent in-flight requests (increment on entry, `await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 50_000))` under fake-timer awareness: use a gate promise the test controls instead of real sleeps — release gates with `vi.advanceTimersByTime` after asserting). Register 10 feeds; start `refreshAllFeeds()` (don't await); assert the server's max-concurrent counter never exceeded 4; release all gates and await completion.
+  - Incremental apply: 2 feeds — one served instantly, one gated. Start refresh; resolve the fast gate only; assert the fast feed's `lastUpdated`/episodes already updated in `feeds()` BEFORE the slow feed resolves (this is the acceptance proof the `Promise.all` barrier is gone). Then release the slow gate and assert both applied.
+  - Debounce: mock-observe writes by seeding the temp config dir and spawning two rapid refreshes whose content changed; `await` both, then `vi.advanceTimersByTime(SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS)`; read raw `config.json` ONCE — assert both new episodes are present in a single coherent write. (Counting writes precisely is brittle against `updateConfig`'s chain; asserting final content + that the pre-debounce file lacks the episodes is the binary check: before advancing the debounce, `config.json` must NOT yet contain the new episodes; after, it must.)
+  - `flushPendingSave`: refresh with changed content, call `store.flushPendingSave()` without advancing timers, assert `config.json` already contains the new episode.
+- Existing suites must pass unchanged: `feed-refresh.test.ts`, `feed-pagination.test.ts`, `feed-volatile-merge.test.ts`, `feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx`, `restore-session.test.ts`.
+
+acceptance_criteria:
+
+- During a refresh batch, no more than `FETCH_CONCURRENCY` HTTP requests are ever in flight.
+- Each feed's refreshed episodes are visible in `feeds()` as soon as its own fetch resolves — no waiting for the slowest feed.
+- Writes to `config.json` are trailing-edge debounced: rapid successive updates produce one final write after the settle window, and `flushPendingSave()` persists immediately.
+- `loadMoreEpisodesForFeed`'s refetch aborts at `FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS` instead of hanging forever.
+- `bun test` full suite passes; `bun run lint` clean.
+
+validation:
+
+- `bun test tests/feed-nonblocking.test.ts tests/feed-refresh.test.ts tests/feed-pagination.test.ts tests/feed-volatile-merge.test.ts`
+- `bun test`
+- `bun run lint`
+- Manual smoke: `bun start` with several subscriptions; hold `j` during the startup refresh — selection moves smoothly and per-feed results appear as they land; quit/relaunch and confirm the last refresh's episodes persisted.
+
+notes:
+
+- The background refresh timer (`scheduleNextRefresh`) already skips ticks while `isLoadingFeeds()` is true — unchanged.
+- Do not introduce a real "sleep" anywhere in tests; gates + fake timers only, matching existing suites.
+- `mapWithConcurrency` is generic; keep it module-private in `feed.ts` (no premature new util file).
+- `updateConfig` snapshots its patch at call time (`JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(patch))`), so debouncing by delaying the `saveFeeds` CALL is correct — a pending write always serializes the latest feeds it was handed.

tasks/bounded-feed-lifecycle/04-global-activity-indicator.md

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+# 04. Add a shared activity store and global top-right loading indicator
+
+meta:
+  id: bounded-feed-lifecycle-04
+  feature: bounded-feed-lifecycle
+  priority: P2
+  depends_on: [bounded-feed-lifecycle-03]
+  tags: [implementation, tests-required]
+
+objective:
+
+- One global indicator, always in the top-right corner of the app, visible whenever ANYTHING is being loaded or downloaded: feed refreshes (all-feeds and single-feed), fetch-more, subscribe fetches, searches, and episode downloads. Per-page spinners stay as-is; this adds the global signal that activity is happening anywhere.
+
+background (read this before touching code):
+
+- `src/components/Shell.tsx` renders the whole chrome: one full-width content row (`LayerGraph[nav.activeTab()]()` / `PaneRow`) plus a bottom status/command bar. There is no header row — the top-right corner belongs to whatever page is active, so the indicator must be an ABSOLUTE-POSITIONED overlay drawn after the content so it paints on top (opentui `box` supports `position="absolute"`, `top`, `right`).
+- Existing activity signals (read them, don't recreate per-store bookkeeping): `useFeedStore().isLoadingFeeds()` / `.isLoadingMore()`; `useSearchStore().isSearching()` (`src/stores/search.ts`); `useDownloadStore().getActiveCount()` and `.getQueue().length` (`src/stores/download.ts`). Gaps these don't cover: single `refreshFeed`, `addFeed`'s subscribe fetch, iTunes feed resolution inside `addFeed` — hence the activity store.
+- `src/components/LoadingIndicator.tsx` is the braille spinner (prop `label?: string`); reuse it inside the overlay.
+- Activity tracking must be leak-proof: every `begin` paired with an `end` via a token, PLUS a `track(promise, label)` helper that auto-ends on settle so callers can't strand the counter.
+- Task 03 added the incremental per-feed apply inside `refreshAllFeeds`; wire activity around the whole batch ( `isLoadingFeeds` already brackets it — prefer reusing the signal, adding explicit `begin/end` ONLY where no signal exists).
+- Style: Solid + `@opentui/solid` JSX (no `className`; props like `fg`, `paddingRight`, `position`); store files tab-indented with semicolons; components match `LoadingIndicator.tsx` conventions. Style imports use `@/` alias in components, relative paths in stores.
+
+deliverables:
+
+- New `src/stores/activity.ts`:
+  - Signals: `count` (number), `labels` (string[]).
+  - Actions: `beginActivity(label: string): () => void` (returns the matching end function; each call adds the label, ending removes that exact instance — duplicates allowed), `track<T>(p: Promise<T>, label: string): Promise<T>` (begins, ends in `finally`, re-throws).
+  - Computed: `isActive(): boolean` (`count() > 0`).
+  - Singleton + `useActivityStore()` accessor, mirroring `src/stores/download.ts`'s module pattern.
+- Wire the gaps in `src/stores/feed.ts` (only where no existing signal covers the operation):
+  - `refreshFeed`: `await activity.track(...)` around the fetch+apply, label `"Refreshing"`.
+  - `addFeed`: wrap the directory-resolve + `fetchEpisodes` stretch, label `"Subscribing"`.
+  - Do NOT wrap `refreshAllFeeds`/`loadMoreEpisodes*` — `isLoadingFeeds`/`isLoadingMore` already cover them (double-counting just lengthens the spinner's on-time cosmetically; the point is no visual gap).
+- New `src/components/GlobalActivityIndicator.tsx`:
+  - Computes active state from: `feedStore.isLoadingFeeds() || feedStore.isLoadingMore() || searchStore.isSearching() || downloadStore.getActiveCount() + downloadStore.getQueue().length > 0 || activity.isActive()`.
+  - Label selection: downloads in flight → `Downloading N` (+`M queued` when queue non-empty); else the activity store's latest label + `…` (e.g. `Refreshing…`); else `Loading…`.
+  - Renders `<LoadingIndicator label={…} />` inside `<box position="absolute" top={0} right={0} paddingRight={1}>`; renders nothing (returns `null`) when inactive so it never eats layout when idle.
+- `src/components/Shell.tsx`: mount `<GlobalActivityIndicator />` as the LAST child of the root `<box flexDirection="column" …>` (after the content row, bottom bar, and help overlay so it paints on top).
+- `tests/global-activity-indicator.test.tsx` (new) — see tests section.
+
+steps:
+
+1. Read `src/stores/download.ts`, `src/stores/search.ts`, `src/components/LoadingIndicator.tsx`, and the render JSX of `src/components/Shell.tsx`.
+2. Write `src/stores/activity.ts` (small; ~60 lines).
+3. Wire `refreshFeed`/`addFeed` in `src/stores/feed.ts` via `useActivityStore().track(...)`. Import cycle note: `activity.ts` must import NOTHING from other stores (pure counter) so `feed.ts` importing it is safe.
+4. Write `src/components/GlobalActivityIndicator.tsx`; mount it in `Shell.tsx` last (paints on top).
+5. Write tests; run new tests, full suite, lint; manual smoke per validation.
+
+tests:
+
+- New `tests/global-activity-indicator.test.tsx` (component-test conventions: copy the render harness from `tests/feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx` — temp `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` before imports; if a jsdom-like setup is used there, reuse it as-is):
+  - Activity store unit asserts: two `begin`s → `isActive()` true; ending one → still true; ending both → false. `track(failingPromise)` still decrements (rejects propagate, counter returns to baseline).
+  - Component asserts: render `<GlobalActivityIndicator />` in isolation —
+    - idle → no text rendered;
+    - `useActivityStore().beginActivity("Refreshing")` → spinner/label present in rendered output; matching end → gone;
+    - with the download store: enqueue via `downloadStore.startDownload`-equivalent the way `tests/download-unsubscribed.test.ts` does (assert indicator renders while `getActiveCount() + queue > 0`); skip actual network by following that test's existing mocking pattern.
+- Existing suites must pass: `feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx` (per-page spinners unchanged), full `bun test`.
+
+acceptance_criteria:
+
+- Indicator visible in the top-right overlay while any of: all-feeds refresh, single-feed refresh, fetch-more, subscribe fetch, search, active/queued download — and hidden when none are active.
+- Counter never strands: every completed/failed tracked operation returns `isActive()` to its prior value (proven by the `track` rejection test).
+- Idle UI unchanged: when inactive the overlay renders nothing and occupies zero layout.
+- `bun test` full suite passes; `bun run lint` clean.
+
+validation:
+
+- `bun test tests/global-activity-indicator.test.tsx tests/feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx`
+- `bun test`
+- `bun run lint`
+- Manual smoke: `bun start`; (a) on cold boot with subscriptions, the top-right spinner appears during startup refresh and disappears when done; (b) press `r` on Feed — spinner appears; (c) download an episode from Search — `Downloading` label shows while the transfer runs; (d) leave idle — top-right is empty.
+
+notes:
+
+- Depends on 03 only for ordering cleanliness — the activity wiring hooks onto the restructured refresh paths; nothing in 03's API is required beyond the store exporting the same signals.
+- The overlay intentionally does NOT replace per-pane spinners (`Refreshing…` in Feed/MyShows/Discover/Search stay) — removing those is out of scope.
+- If `position="absolute"` proves unavailable for text-draw ordering in `@opentui/solid`, the fallback is a dedicated 1-row header (`height={1}`) above the content row with the indicator right-aligned — only take this path with evidence (broken render), and note the tradeoff (loses one row of content height) in the commit message.

tasks/bounded-feed-lifecycle/README.md

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+# Bounded Feed Lifecycle
+
+Objective: Bound feed episode storage to a rolling 30-day persisted window (older episodes volatile-only unless downloaded), keep feed loading nonblocking, and surface all load/download activity in a global top-right indicator.
+
+Status legend: [ ] todo, [~] in-progress, [x] done
+
+Tasks
+
+- [x] 01 — persisted-retention-window → `01-persisted-retention-window.md`
+- [x] 02 — volatile-episode-merge → `02-volatile-episode-merge.md`
+- [x] 03 — nonblocking-feed-refresh → `03-nonblocking-feed-refresh.md`
+- [x] 04 — global-activity-indicator → `04-global-activity-indicator.md`
+
+Dependencies
+
+- 02 depends on 01 (the volatile merge preserves exactly what 01 drops from disk)
+- 03 depends on 01 (debounced persistence layers onto the pruning save path)
+- 03 depends on 02 (incremental per-feed apply consumes the merge helper from 02)
+- 04 depends on 03 (the indicator subscribes to the activity wiring added across refresh/load-more paths in 03)
+
+Exit criteria
+
+- After any refresh + save, `config.json` `feeds[*].episodes` contains only episodes with `pubDate` within the last 30 days or episodes marked `completed` in `downloads.json`; loading a legacy config prunes stale episodes on first launch.
+- In-memory retention is capped per feed; episodes aged out of the persisted window remain browsable within the session and are re-fetchable via fetch-more after a restart.
+- A refresh batch never exceeds a fixed fetch concurrency, applies each feed's result as it lands (no `Promise.all` barrier), and persistence writes are debounced; keyboard input stays responsive throughout.
+- The top-right indicator is visible iff at least one feed refresh, fetch-more, subscribe fetch, search, or episode download is in flight, hidden otherwise.
+- `bun test` and `bun run lint` pass.

tests/feed-nonblocking.test.ts

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+/**
+ * Non-blocking feed refresh tests — task 03 of the bounded-feed-lifecycle
+ * feature.
+ *
+ * Pins the contracts that make a refresh batch feel non-blocking:
+ *
+ *   1. refreshAllFeeds never holds more than FETCH_CONCURRENCY (4) RSS
+ *      requests in flight — a worker pool bounds the batch instead of
+ *      Promise.all firing every feed at once.
+ *   2. Each feed's refreshed episodes are applied AS ITS OWN FETCH LANDS —
+ *      the old Promise.all barrier is gone, so a slow feed no longer hides
+ *      the fast feeds' fresh episodes.
+ *   3. config.json writes are trailing-edge debounced (rapid changes
+ *      collapse into one final write) and flushPendingSave() persists
+ *      immediately, without waiting out the debounce window.
+ *
+ * Polling note (why the polls below use setImmediate, not microtasks):
+ * vi's fake timers trap setTimeout/setInterval/Date/Bun.sleep, so the
+ * debounce is driven with vi.advanceTimersByTime. But a poll loop of pure
+ * microtask turns (`await Promise.resolve()`) can NEVER observe an
+ * in-flight refresh: it keeps the microtask queue non-empty, the event
+ * loop's poll phase is never reached, and Bun.serve never even receives
+ * the fetch (verified empirically). setImmediate is a real macrotask that
+ * fake timers do NOT trap, and it lets the socket I/O progress — each
+ * `tick()` below is one bounded event-loop turn. No real sleeps anywhere.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach, vi } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Point the config dir at a throwaway directory BEFORE importing the stores
+// (their module-level init reads it).
+const configHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-nonblocking-"));
+process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME = configHome;
+
+import { useFeedStore } from "../src/stores/feed";
+import type { Podcast } from "../src/types/podcast";
+import { whenConfigIdle } from "../src/utils/config";
+
+interface ServedEpisode {
+	title: string;
+	date: string;
+}
+
+let server: ReturnType<typeof Bun.serve> | null = null;
+let servedEpisodes: ServedEpisode[] = [];
+
+/** Per-pathname request gates: while a path has an unresolved gate, the
+ *  server parks that request until the test resolves it. */
+let gates = new Map<string, { gate: Promise<void>; resolve: () => void }>();
+/** Requests currently inside the fetch handler (entered, not yet answered). */
+let inFlight = 0;
+/** High-water mark of `inFlight` — the concurrency-bound assertion source. */
+let maxConcurrent = 0;
+
+// Bun runs test files in ONE process, so the store singleton is shared with
+// other test files. Track the feeds we add and remove them in afterAll so
+// whichever file runs next sees a pristine store.
+const addedFeedIds: string[] = [];
+/** Feed created by the debounce test, reused by the flushPendingSave test. */
+let debounceFeedId = "";
+
+/** XML for the current served episode list (episode ids = feedUrl#index). */
+function feedXml(episodes: ServedEpisode[], origin: string): string {
+	const items = episodes
+		.map(
+			(ep, i) => `<item>
+	<title>${ep.title}</title>
+	<pubDate>${ep.date}</pubDate>
+	<enclosure url="${origin}/audio-${i}.mp3" length="12345" type="audio/mpeg"/>
+</item>`,
+		)
+		.join("\n");
+	return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<rss version="2.0"><channel>
+<title>Non-Blocking Test Show</title>
+<description>Non-blocking refresh test feed</description>
+${items}
+</channel></rss>`;
+}
+
+const makePodcast = (feedUrl: string): Podcast => ({
+	id: feedUrl,
+	title: "Non-Blocking Test Show",
+	description: "Non-blocking refresh test feed",
+	author: "tester",
+	feedUrl,
+	lastUpdated: new Date(),
+	isSubscribed: true,
+});
+
+/** Park a request path behind an unresolved gate. */
+function setGate(path: string): void {
+	const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+	gates.set(path, { gate: promise, resolve });
+}
+
+/** Resolve every gate currently set. */
+function releaseAllGates(): void {
+	for (const { resolve } of gates.values()) resolve();
+	gates.clear();
+}
+
+/** One real macrotask turn — see the polling note in the header. */
+const tick = (): Promise<void> => {
+	const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+	setImmediate(resolve);
+	return promise;
+};
+
+/** Poll `cond` across up to `iterations` event-loop turns (one setImmediate
+ *  each). Returns whether the condition held by the deadline. */
+async function pollUntil(
+	cond: () => boolean,
+	iterations = 500,
+): Promise<boolean> {
+	for (let i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+		if (cond()) return true;
+		await tick();
+	}
+	return cond();
+}
+
+/** Raw config.json text ("" when the file does not exist yet). */
+const readConfigRaw = (): Promise<string> =>
+	Bun.file(join(process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME!, "podtui", "config.json"))
+		.text()
+		.catch(() => "");
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+	server = Bun.serve({
+		port: 0,
+		async fetch(req) {
+			const url = new URL(req.url);
+			inFlight++;
+			if (inFlight > maxConcurrent) maxConcurrent = inFlight;
+			try {
+				const gate = gates.get(url.pathname);
+				if (gate) await gate.gate;
+				if (url.pathname.endsWith(".xml")) {
+					return new Response(feedXml(servedEpisodes, url.origin), {
+						headers: { "Content-Type": "application/rss+xml" },
+					});
+				}
+				return new Response("not found", { status: 404 });
+			} finally {
+				inFlight--;
+			}
+		},
+	});
+});
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+	vi.useFakeTimers();
+	gates.clear();
+	inFlight = 0;
+	maxConcurrent = 0;
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+	vi.useRealTimers();
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	for (const id of addedFeedIds) store.removeFeed(id);
+	server?.stop(true);
+	rmSync(configHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+test("refreshAllFeeds never exceeds FETCH_CONCURRENCY in-flight requests", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	servedEpisodes = [{ title: "Bound Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" }];
+	const urls = Array.from(
+		{ length: 10 },
+		(_, n) => `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/bound-${n}.xml`,
+	);
+	const ids: string[] = [];
+	for (const url of urls) {
+		const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(url), "test-source");
+		expect(feed).not.toBeNull();
+		ids.push(feed!.id);
+		addedFeedIds.push(feed!.id);
+	}
+
+	// Gate every path so the batch's requests pile up at the server. addFeed
+	// ran sequentially above (its own fetches never exceed 1 in flight), so
+	// the counter below measures the batch alone.
+	for (const url of urls) setGate(new URL(url).pathname);
+	inFlight = 0;
+	maxConcurrent = 0;
+
+	const refreshPromise = store.refreshAllFeeds(); // NOT awaited
+	const sawBound = await pollUntil(() => maxConcurrent >= 4);
+	expect(sawBound).toBe(true);
+	// The worker pool caps the batch at 4 — exactly 4 gated requests are
+	// parked (nothing has been released, so nothing completed yet), and
+	// nothing may exceed the bound, now or as the batch drains.
+	expect(maxConcurrent).toBe(4);
+	expect(maxConcurrent).toBeLessThanOrEqual(4);
+
+	releaseAllGates();
+	await refreshPromise;
+	expect(maxConcurrent).toBeLessThanOrEqual(4);
+	for (const id of ids) {
+		expect(store.getFeed(id)!.episodes.length).toBe(1);
+	}
+});
+
+test("refreshAllFeeds applies each feed as its own fetch lands (no barrier)", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	servedEpisodes = [{ title: "Incr Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" }];
+	const aUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/incr-a.xml`;
+	const bUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/incr-b.xml`;
+	const a = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(aUrl), "test-source");
+	const b = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(bUrl), "test-source");
+	expect(a).not.toBeNull();
+	expect(b).not.toBeNull();
+	const aId = a!.id;
+	const bId = b!.id;
+	addedFeedIds.push(aId, bId);
+
+	// A new episode appears for both feeds; B's fetch is parked at the
+	// server, A's is not.
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Incr Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Incr Ep 1", date: "2026-08-09T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+	setGate(new URL(bUrl).pathname);
+
+	const beforeA = store.getFeed(aId)!.lastUpdated.getTime();
+	const beforeB = store.getFeed(bId)!.lastUpdated.getTime();
+	// Advance the (mocked) clock so the refresh's `new Date()` lastUpdated
+	// bump is observably greater than beforeA (the fake clock otherwise
+	// never moves — same pattern as feed-refresh.test.ts).
+	vi.advanceTimersByTime(60_000);
+	const refreshPromise = store.refreshAllFeeds(); // NOT awaited
+
+	const applied = await pollUntil(
+		() => store.getFeed(aId)!.lastUpdated.getTime() > beforeA,
+	);
+	expect(applied).toBe(true);
+	// A's refreshed window is visible in feeds() while B is STILL gated —
+	// the proof that per-feed results apply as they land.
+	expect(store.getFeed(aId)!.episodes.length).toBe(2);
+	expect(store.getFeed(bId)!.episodes.length).toBe(1);
+	expect(store.getFeed(bId)!.lastUpdated.getTime()).toBe(beforeB);
+
+	releaseAllGates();
+	await refreshPromise;
+	expect(store.getFeed(aId)!.episodes.length).toBe(2);
+	expect(store.getFeed(bId)!.episodes.length).toBe(2);
+});
+
+test("config.json writes are trailing-edge debounced (two refreshes, one save)", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	servedEpisodes = [{ title: "Deb Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" }];
+	const url = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/debounce.xml`;
+	const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(url), "test-source");
+	expect(feed).not.toBeNull();
+	debounceFeedId = feed!.id;
+	addedFeedIds.push(debounceFeedId);
+
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 1", date: "2026-08-09T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+	await store.refreshFeed(debounceFeedId);
+
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 1", date: "2026-08-09T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 2", date: "2026-08-08T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+	await store.refreshFeed(debounceFeedId);
+	expect(store.getFeed(debounceFeedId)!.episodes.length).toBe(3);
+
+	// No timer advanced: the debounced saves have NOT fired — the refreshed
+	// episodes exist only in memory (await whenConfigIdle first so a
+	// straggler write from an earlier test cannot race this read).
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+	const before = await readConfigRaw();
+	expect(before).not.toContain("Deb Ep 1");
+	expect(before).not.toContain("Deb Ep 2");
+
+	// SAVE_DEBOUNCE_MS = 250 (module-private in feed.ts — hardcoded here).
+	vi.advanceTimersByTime(250);
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+
+	// One read, both refreshed episodes: the two refreshes collapsed into a
+	// single trailing-edge write.
+	const after = await readConfigRaw();
+	expect(after).toContain("Deb Ep 1");
+	expect(after).toContain("Deb Ep 2");
+});
+
+test("flushPendingSave persists immediately, without waiting out the debounce", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	// Same feed as the debounce test (still in the singleton): serve a 4th
+	// episode and refresh — the save is scheduled, then flushed by hand.
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 0", date: "2026-08-10T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 1", date: "2026-08-09T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 2", date: "2026-08-08T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Deb Ep 3", date: "2026-08-07T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+	await store.refreshFeed(debounceFeedId);
+	expect(store.getFeed(debounceFeedId)!.episodes.length).toBe(4);
+
+	// No advanceTimersByTime: flushPendingSave must write right now.
+	store.flushPendingSave();
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await Promise.resolve();
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+
+	const raw = await readConfigRaw();
+	expect(raw).toContain("Deb Ep 3");
+});

tests/feed-refresh-spinner.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/**
+ * FeedPage refresh spinner — while feeds are being fetched (manual `r` and
+ * the background refresh timer both route through refreshAllFeeds →
+ * isLoadingFeeds), a braille spinner renders at the BOTTOM of the episode
+ * list, horizontally centered in the current pane.
+ *
+ * The refresh is left in flight on purpose (the test server delays its
+ * response) so the loading state is visible in the captured frame.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import type { Server } from "bun";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Point the config dir at a throwaway directory BEFORE importing the stores
+// (their module-level init reads it) and silence the audio backend.
+const configHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-spinner-"));
+process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME = configHome;
+process.env.PODTUI_AUDIO_BACKEND = "none";
+
+import { testRender } from "@opentui/solid";
+import { ThemeProvider } from "../src/context/ThemeContext";
+import { NavigationProvider } from "../src/context/NavigationContext";
+import { FeedPage } from "../src/pages/Feed/FeedPage";
+import { useFeedStore } from "../src/stores/feed";
+import type { Podcast } from "../src/types/podcast";
+
+// The LoadingIndicator glyph cycle.
+const SPINNER_RE = /[⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏]/;
+
+type Frame = { cols: number; lines: { spans: { text: string }[] }[] };
+const frameLines = (f: Frame): string[] =>
+	f.lines.map((l) => l.spans.map((s) => s.text).join(""));
+
+let server: Server<undefined> | null = null;
+/** Response delay (ms) for the next fetch — 0 during setup, >0 while the
+ *  refresh is in flight so the loading state is observable. */
+let delayMs = 0;
+let feedUrl = "";
+let feedId = "";
+
+/** 3 episodes × 3 rows = 9 list rows: the spinner sits right below them. */
+function feedXml(origin: string): string {
+	const items = Array.from({ length: 3 }, (_, i) => `<item>
+	<title>Spin Ep ${3 - i}</title>
+	<pubDate>${new Date(Date.UTC(2026, 0, 1 + i)).toISOString()}</pubDate>
+	<enclosure url="${origin}/audio-${i}.mp3" length="12345" type="audio/mpeg"/>
+</item>`).join("\n");
+	return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<rss version="2.0"><channel>
+<title>Spinner Show</title>
+<description>spinner test feed</description>
+${items}
+</channel></rss>`;
+}
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+	server = Bun.serve({
+		port: 0,
+		fetch(req) {
+			const url = new URL(req.url);
+			if (!url.pathname.endsWith(".xml")) {
+				return new Response("not found", { status: 404 });
+			}
+			const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<Response>();
+			setTimeout(
+				() =>
+					resolve(
+						new Response(feedXml(url.origin), {
+							headers: { "Content-Type": "application/rss+xml" },
+						}),
+					),
+				delayMs,
+			);
+			return promise;
+		},
+	});
+	const podcast: Podcast = {
+		id: "",
+		title: "Spinner Show",
+		description: "spinner test feed",
+		author: "tester",
+		feedUrl: "",
+		lastUpdated: new Date(),
+		isSubscribed: true,
+	};
+	feedUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}/spinner.xml`;
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	const feed = await store.addFeed(
+		{ ...podcast, feedUrl },
+		"test-source",
+	);
+	feedId = feed!.id;
+});
+
+afterAll(async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	store.removeFeed(feedId);
+	server?.stop(true);
+	rmSync(configHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+test("refresh spinner renders at the bottom of the list, centered in the current pane", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	const setup = await testRender(
+		() => (
+			<ThemeProvider mode="dark">
+				<NavigationProvider>
+					<FeedPage />
+				</NavigationProvider>
+			</ThemeProvider>
+		),
+		{ width: 100, height: 30, useThread: false },
+	);
+
+	// Settle until the episode list is mounted.
+	let lines: string[] | null = null;
+	for (let i = 0; i < 40 && !lines; i++) {
+		await setup.renderOnce();
+		const ls = frameLines(setup.captureSpans() as unknown as Frame);
+		if (ls.some((l) => l.includes("Spin Ep 3"))) lines = ls;
+		else await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 50));
+	}
+	if (!lines) throw new Error("FeedPage did not render episodes before timeout");
+
+	// Kick off a refresh and leave it in flight: isLoadingFeeds flips true
+	// synchronously, so the very next frame shows the spinner.
+	delayMs = 400;
+	const refreshing = store.refreshAllFeeds();
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	const loading = frameLines(setup.captureSpans() as unknown as Frame);
+
+	// Locate the spinner row and the current pane's borders ("│" columns;
+	// only the current pane is bordered in PaneRow).
+	const spinnerRow = loading.findIndex((l) => SPINNER_RE.test(l));
+	expect(spinnerRow).toBeGreaterThan(-1);
+
+	const spinnerCol = loading[spinnerRow].search(SPINNER_RE);
+	const borderCols = loading
+		.map((l, i) => (i <= spinnerRow ? [...l].map((ch, x) => (ch === "│" ? x : -1)) : []))
+		.flat()
+		.filter((x) => x >= 0);
+	const paneLeft = Math.min(...borderCols);
+	const paneRight = Math.max(...borderCols);
+	const paneCenter = (paneLeft + paneRight) / 2;
+	expect(paneLeft).toBeGreaterThan(0); // borders actually found
+
+	// Bottom of the list: below the last episode row.
+	const lastEpRow = loading.findLastIndex((l) => l.includes("Spin Ep"));
+	expect(spinnerRow).toBeGreaterThan(lastEpRow);
+
+	// Horizontally centered in the current pane (not left-padded).
+	expect(Math.abs(spinnerCol - paneCenter)).toBeLessThanOrEqual(8);
+
+	// Let the refresh finish so teardown is clean.
+	delayMs = 0;
+	await refreshing;
+	setup.renderer.destroy();
+});

tests/feed-refresh.test.ts

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ test("refresh with a genuinely new episode bumps lastUpdated", async () => {
 
 test("a failed refresh does not wipe the feed's episodes", async () => {
 	const store = useFeedStore();
+	const savedEpisodes = servedEpisodes;
 	servedEpisodes = [{ title: "Ep 1", date: "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z" }];
 	const feedUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/flaky.xml`;
 	const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(feedUrl), "test-source");
@@ -158,6 +159,11 @@ test("a failed refresh does not wipe the feed's episodes", async () => {
 
 	failPath = null;
 	store.removeFeed(feedId);
+	// Restore the shared served content: with union merge semantics (volatile
+	// episodes survive refreshes) this feed keeps its larger in-memory window,
+	// so later tests must serve the same episodes they added — a shrink here
+	// would make the next test's "unchanged" refresh genuinely different.
+	servedEpisodes = savedEpisodes;
 });
 
 test("refreshAllFeeds keeps unchanged feeds' order and timestamps", async () => {
@@ -183,3 +189,44 @@ test("refreshAllFeeds keeps unchanged feeds' order and timestamps", async () =>
 		expect(store.getFeed(id)!.lastUpdated.getTime()).toBe(tsBefore[id]);
 	}
 });
+
+test("refresh parses in bounded chunks, yielding to the event loop between them", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	// 60 episodes: a chunked parse (25/chunk) must yield between chunks; a
+	// monolithic parse would complete without yielding at all.
+	servedEpisodes = Array.from({ length: 60 }, (_, i) => ({
+		title: `Ep ${60 - i}`,
+		date: new Date(Date.UTC(2026, 0, 1 + i)).toISOString(),
+	}));
+	const feedUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/chunky.xml`;
+	const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(feedUrl), "test-source");
+	const feedId = feed!.id;
+	expect(store.getFeed(feedId)!.episodes.length).toBe(20); // subscribe window
+
+	// Count event-loop yields during the refresh: each parse-chunk boundary
+	// posts through a MessageChannel (the yield primitive in feed.ts — the
+	// one macrotask turn bun's fake timers do not trap, which also pins that
+	// the yield works under fake timers). This runs under fake timers like
+	// the other tests; a setTimeout-based yield would deadlock here.
+	const OriginalMessageChannel = globalThis.MessageChannel;
+	let posts = 0;
+	globalThis.MessageChannel = class extends OriginalMessageChannel {
+		constructor() {
+			super();
+			posts++;
+		}
+	};
+	try {
+		vi.advanceTimersByTime(60_000);
+		await store.refreshFeed(feedId);
+	} finally {
+		globalThis.MessageChannel = OriginalMessageChannel;
+	}
+
+	expect(posts).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+	expect(store.getFeed(feedId)!.episodes.length).toBe(50); // refresh window
+
+	// Leave the shared singleton as we found it (see the addedFeedIds note
+	// in feed-pagination.test.ts — bun runs test files in one process).
+	store.removeFeed(feedId);
+});

tests/feed-retention.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+/**
+ * Bounded-feed-lifecycle persistence tests — task 01 (retention window).
+ *
+ * Pins the persistence contract:
+ *   1. saveFeedsToFile never writes an episode older than PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS
+ *      unless its id is a completed download in downloads.json.
+ *   2. loadFeedsFromFile prunes over-window episodes from legacy configs and
+ *      rewrites config.json when it pruned anything.
+ *   3. Undatable episodes (missing/invalid pubDate) are always persisted.
+ *
+ * The async saveFeedsToFile IIFE reads downloads.json then enqueues an
+ * updateConfig write on the serialized write chain, so assertions wait via
+ * whenConfigIdle() + a short real-timer settle (no fake timers here — see
+ * settleWrites).
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdirSync, mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Point the config dir at a throwaway directory BEFORE importing anything
+// under test (config-dir reads XDG_CONFIG_HOME lazily, but stay consistent
+// with the store test harness). Do NOT import the feed store — its module
+// boot IIFE would hit the network.
+const configHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-retention-"));
+process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME = configHome;
+
+import {
+	PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS,
+	episodeIsPersistable,
+	loadFeedsFromFile,
+	saveFeedsToFile,
+} from "../src/utils/feeds-persistence";
+import { whenConfigIdle } from "../src/utils/config";
+import { FeedVisibility } from "../src/types/feed";
+import type { Feed } from "../src/types/feed";
+import type { Episode } from "../src/types/episode";
+
+const configJsonPath = join(configHome, "podtui", "config.json");
+const downloadsJsonPath = join(configHome, "podtui", "downloads.json");
+
+/** Milliseconds in one day — mirrors the window math in feeds-persistence. */
+const DAY = 24 * 3600 * 1000;
+
+function makeEpisode(partial: Partial<Episode> & { id: string }): Episode {
+	return {
+		podcastId: "feed-1",
+		title: partial.id,
+		description: "",
+		audioUrl: `https://example.com/audio/${partial.id}.mp3`,
+		duration: 600,
+		pubDate: new Date(),
+		...partial,
+	};
+}
+
+function makeFeed(episodes: Episode[]): Feed {
+	return {
+		id: "feed-1",
+		podcast: {
+			id: "feed-1",
+			title: "Retention Show",
+			description: "Retention test feed",
+			author: "tester",
+			feedUrl: "https://example.com/feed.xml",
+			lastUpdated: new Date(),
+			isSubscribed: true,
+		},
+		episodes,
+		visibility: FeedVisibility.PUBLIC,
+		sourceId: "source-1",
+		lastUpdated: new Date(),
+		isPinned: false,
+	};
+}
+
+function delay(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+	const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+	setTimeout(resolve, ms);
+	return promise;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wait for the fire-and-forget save chain to drain. saveFeedsToFile's IIFE is
+ * not awaitable: it reads downloads.json first and only THEN enqueues its
+ * write on the serialized chain, so the first whenConfigIdle() may observe
+ * the chain BEFORE the write is queued. A real-timer settle is the only way
+ * to let the IIFE's async read land without fake timers (which would stall
+ * the Bun.file I/O and the write chain itself); the poll fallback in the
+ * assertions absorbs any residual scheduling skew on a loaded machine.
+ */
+async function settleWrites(): Promise<void> {
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+	await delay(20);
+	await whenConfigIdle();
+}
+
+/** Episode ids of the first feed in config.json, or null when absent. */
+async function readPersistedEpisodeIds(): Promise<string[] | null> {
+	const raw = await Bun.file(configJsonPath).json().catch(() => null);
+	if (!raw || typeof raw !== "object" || !("feeds" in raw)) return null;
+	const feeds = raw.feeds;
+	if (!Array.isArray(feeds) || feeds.length === 0) return null;
+	const first = feeds[0];
+	if (!first || typeof first !== "object" || !("episodes" in first)) return null;
+	const episodes = first.episodes;
+	if (!Array.isArray(episodes)) return null;
+	return episodes.map((ep) => {
+		if (ep && typeof ep === "object" && "id" in ep) return String(ep.id);
+		return "";
+	});
+}
+
+/** Wait (up to ~1s) until config.json's first feed has exactly these ids. */
+async function pollConfigFor(ids: string[]): Promise<void> {
+	const expected = [...ids].sort().join(",");
+	const deadline = Date.now() + 1000;
+	for (;;) {
+		const actual = (await readPersistedEpisodeIds())?.sort().join(",");
+		if (actual === expected) return;
+		if (Date.now() > deadline) {
+			throw new Error(
+				`config.json never reached expected episode ids [${ids.join(", ")}]`,
+			);
+		}
+		await delay(20);
+	}
+}
+
+afterAll(() => {
+	rmSync(configHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+// ── Unit: episodeIsPersistable ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+test("episodeIsPersistable drops a 40-day-old episode that is not downloaded", () => {
+	const ep = makeEpisode({
+		id: "old-plain-id",
+		pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY),
+	});
+	expect(episodeIsPersistable(ep, new Set(), new Date())).toBe(false);
+});
+
+test("episodeIsPersistable keeps a 40-day-old episode whose id is a completed download", () => {
+	const ep = makeEpisode({
+		id: "old-downloaded-id",
+		pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY),
+	});
+	expect(
+		episodeIsPersistable(ep, new Set(["old-downloaded-id"]), new Date()),
+	).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("episodeIsPersistable keeps a 5-day-old episode", () => {
+	const ep = makeEpisode({
+		id: "recent-id",
+		pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * DAY),
+	});
+	expect(episodeIsPersistable(ep, new Set(), new Date())).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("episodeIsPersistable keeps an episode with an invalid pubDate", () => {
+	const ep = makeEpisode({ id: "undatable-id", pubDate: new Date(NaN) });
+	expect(episodeIsPersistable(ep, new Set(), new Date())).toBe(true);
+});
+
+test("PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS is 30", () => {
+	expect(PERSISTED_WINDOW_DAYS).toBe(30);
+});
+
+// ── Save path: retention window applied with completed-download exemption ──
+
+test("saveFeedsToFile prunes over-window episodes but keeps completed downloads", async () => {
+	// Arrange: downloads.json lists one completed download.
+	mkdirSync(join(configHome, "podtui"), { recursive: true });
+	await Bun.write(
+		downloadsJsonPath,
+		JSON.stringify([
+			{
+				episodeId: "old-downloaded-id",
+				feedId: "feed-1",
+				status: "completed",
+				filePath: null,
+				downloadedAt: null,
+				fileSize: 0,
+				error: null,
+				audioUrl: "",
+				episodeTitle: "",
+			},
+		]),
+	);
+
+	// Act: recent episode, old plain episode, old downloaded episode.
+	const feed = makeFeed([
+		makeEpisode({
+			id: "recent-id",
+			pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 5 * DAY),
+		}),
+		makeEpisode({
+			id: "old-plain-id",
+			pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY),
+		}),
+		makeEpisode({
+			id: "old-downloaded-id",
+			pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY),
+		}),
+	]);
+	saveFeedsToFile([feed]);
+	await settleWrites();
+	// The IIFE's downloads.json read can land after the first settle; poll
+	// briefly in case the write chain drained before that read resolved.
+	await pollConfigFor(["old-downloaded-id", "recent-id"]);
+
+	// Assert: persisted episodes keep recent + downloaded, drop old-plain.
+	const persisted = await readPersistedEpisodeIds();
+	expect(persisted).toContain("recent-id");
+	expect(persisted).toContain("old-downloaded-id");
+	expect(persisted).not.toContain("old-plain-id");
+});
+
+// ── Load path: legacy config cleanup rewrite ───────────────────────────────
+
+test("loadFeedsFromFile prunes over-window episodes and rewrites config.json", async () => {
+	// Arrange: seed config.json directly with a feed whose episodes are ALL
+	// older than the window; no downloads.json present.
+	mkdirSync(join(configHome, "podtui"), { recursive: true });
+	await Bun.write(
+		configJsonPath,
+		JSON.stringify(
+			{
+				feeds: [
+					{
+						id: "feed-1",
+						podcast: {
+							id: "feed-1",
+							title: "Legacy Show",
+							description: "",
+							author: "tester",
+							feedUrl: "https://example.com/legacy.xml",
+							lastUpdated: new Date(Date.now() - 1 * DAY).toISOString(),
+							isSubscribed: true,
+						},
+						episodes: [
+							{
+								id: "old-a",
+								podcastId: "feed-1",
+								title: "Old A",
+								description: "",
+								audioUrl: "https://example.com/audio/old-a.mp3",
+								duration: 60,
+								pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY).toISOString(),
+							},
+							{
+								id: "old-b",
+								podcastId: "feed-1",
+								title: "Old B",
+								description: "",
+								audioUrl: "https://example.com/audio/old-b.mp3",
+								duration: 60,
+								pubDate: new Date(Date.now() - 40 * DAY).toISOString(),
+							},
+						],
+						visibility: "public",
+						sourceId: "source-1",
+						lastUpdated: new Date(Date.now() - 1 * DAY).toISOString(),
+						isPinned: false,
+					},
+				],
+			},
+			null,
+			2,
+		),
+	);
+
+	// Act.
+	const feeds = await loadFeedsFromFile();
+	await settleWrites();
+
+	// Assert: returned feed has zero episodes AND config.json was rewritten
+	// (the cleanup save is fire-and-forget — poll for the rewritten file).
+	expect(feeds).toHaveLength(1);
+	expect(feeds[0].episodes).toHaveLength(0);
+	await pollConfigFor([]);
+	expect(await readPersistedEpisodeIds()).toEqual([]);
+});

tests/feed-volatile-merge.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/**
+ * Volatile in-memory episode merge + bounded cache tests.
+ *
+ * Two behaviors from the bounded-feed-lifecycle work:
+ *   1. mergeEpisodes unions refreshed episodes with what's already in memory
+ *      (the fetched copy wins on id collision), so a refresh never shrinks
+ *      the session's visible window; the union is capped per feed at
+ *      MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY.
+ *   2. The per-feed parse cache is capped at MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY, so
+ *      loadMoreEpisodes can never surface more than the cap and
+ *      hasMoreEpisodes flips false there.
+ *
+ * Unchanged-refresh detection compares the fetched window against the
+ * corresponding PREFIX of the merged list (sameRefreshWindow) — comparing
+ * full lists would bump lastUpdated on every refresh because the merged list
+ * legitimately holds episodes beyond the fetched window.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll, beforeEach, vi } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Point the config dir at a throwaway directory BEFORE importing the stores
+// (their module-level init reads it).
+const configHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-volatile-"));
+process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME = configHome;
+
+import { MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY, useFeedStore } from "../src/stores/feed";
+import { mergeEpisodes } from "../src/utils/episode-merge";
+import type { Episode } from "../src/types/episode";
+import type { Podcast } from "../src/types/podcast";
+
+interface ServedEpisode {
+	title: string;
+	date: string;
+}
+
+let server: ReturnType<typeof Bun.serve> | null = null;
+let servedEpisodes: ServedEpisode[] = [];
+// Bun runs test files in ONE process, so the store singleton is shared with
+// the other feed test files. Track the feeds we add and remove them in
+// afterAll so whichever file runs next sees a pristine store (execution
+// order between files is not guaranteed).
+const addedFeedIds: string[] = [];
+
+/** XML for the current served episode list (episode ids = feedUrl#index). */
+function feedXml(episodes: ServedEpisode[], origin: string): string {
+	const items = episodes
+		.map(
+			(ep, i) => `<item>
+	<title>${ep.title}</title>
+	<pubDate>${ep.date}</pubDate>
+	<enclosure url="${origin}/audio-${i}.mp3" length="12345" type="audio/mpeg"/>
+</item>`,
+		)
+		.join("\n");
+	return `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<rss version="2.0"><channel>
+<title>Volatile Show</title>
+<description>Volatile merge test feed</description>
+${items}
+</channel></rss>`;
+}
+
+const makePodcast = (feedUrl: string): Podcast => ({
+	id: feedUrl,
+	title: "Volatile Show",
+	description: "Volatile merge test feed",
+	author: "tester",
+	feedUrl,
+	lastUpdated: new Date(),
+	isSubscribed: true,
+});
+
+const makeEpisode = (id: string, title: string, pubDate: Date): Episode => ({
+	id,
+	podcastId: "pod",
+	title,
+	description: "",
+	audioUrl: `https://example.com/${id}.mp3`,
+	duration: 100,
+	pubDate,
+});
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+	server = Bun.serve({
+		port: 0,
+		fetch(req) {
+			const url = new URL(req.url);
+			if (url.pathname.endsWith(".xml")) {
+				return new Response(feedXml(servedEpisodes, url.origin), {
+					headers: { "Content-Type": "application/rss+xml" },
+				});
+			}
+			return new Response("not found", { status: 404 });
+		},
+	});
+});
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+	vi.useFakeTimers();
+});
+
+afterAll(() => {
+	vi.useRealTimers();
+	// Leave the shared singleton as we found it (see addedFeedIds note).
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	for (const id of addedFeedIds) store.removeFeed(id);
+	server?.stop(true);
+	rmSync(configHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+// ── mergeEpisodes unit tests ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+test("mergeEpisodes dedupes on id collision and keeps the fetched copy", () => {
+	const existing = [
+		makeEpisode("a", "Old Title", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+		makeEpisode("b", "Ep B", new Date("2026-08-02T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+	const fetched = [
+		makeEpisode("a", "New Title", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+
+	const merged = mergeEpisodes(existing, fetched, 10);
+
+	expect(merged).toHaveLength(2);
+	expect(merged.find((e) => e.id === "a")!.title).toBe("New Title");
+});
+
+test("mergeEpisodes unions disjoint lists sorted newest-first", () => {
+	const existing = [
+		makeEpisode("old", "Old", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+	const fetched = [
+		makeEpisode("newest", "Newest", new Date("2026-08-03T00:00:00Z")),
+		makeEpisode("mid", "Mid", new Date("2026-08-02T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+
+	const merged = mergeEpisodes(existing, fetched, 10);
+
+	expect(merged.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(["newest", "mid", "old"]);
+});
+
+test("mergeEpisodes drops the oldest episodes past the cap", () => {
+	const existing = [
+		makeEpisode("day1", "Day 1", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+	const fetched = [
+		makeEpisode("day3", "Day 3", new Date("2026-08-03T00:00:00Z")),
+		makeEpisode("day2", "Day 2", new Date("2026-08-02T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+
+	const merged = mergeEpisodes(existing, fetched, 2);
+
+	expect(merged.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(["day3", "day2"]);
+});
+
+test("mergeEpisodes never mutates its inputs", () => {
+	const existing = [
+		makeEpisode("a", "A", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+		makeEpisode("b", "B", new Date("2026-08-02T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+	const fetched = [
+		makeEpisode("a", "A (fetched)", new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z")),
+		makeEpisode("c", "C", new Date("2026-08-03T00:00:00Z")),
+	];
+	const existingIds = existing.map((e) => e.id);
+	const existingTitles = existing.map((e) => e.title);
+	const fetchedIds = fetched.map((e) => e.id);
+	const fetchedTitles = fetched.map((e) => e.title);
+
+	mergeEpisodes(existing, fetched, 10);
+
+	expect(existing.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(existingIds);
+	expect(existing.map((e) => e.title)).toEqual(existingTitles);
+	expect(fetched.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(fetchedIds);
+	expect(fetched.map((e) => e.title)).toEqual(fetchedTitles);
+});
+
+// ── store integration ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+test("refresh merges new episodes without removing the volatile window", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Ep 3", date: "2026-08-03T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 2", date: "2026-08-02T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 1", date: "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+	const feedUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/volatile.xml`;
+	const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(feedUrl), "test-source");
+	expect(feed).not.toBeNull();
+	const id = feed!.id;
+	addedFeedIds.push(id);
+	expect(store.getFeed(id)!.episodes.length).toBe(3);
+	const beforeUpdated = store.getFeed(id)!.lastUpdated.getTime();
+
+	// The feed now serves the same 3 episodes plus 2 newer ones (new ids at
+	// item indices 3 and 4).
+	servedEpisodes = [
+		{ title: "Ep 3", date: "2026-08-03T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 2", date: "2026-08-02T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 1", date: "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 5", date: "2026-08-05T00:00:00Z" },
+		{ title: "Ep 4", date: "2026-08-04T00:00:00Z" },
+	];
+
+	vi.advanceTimersByTime(60_000);
+	await store.refreshFeed(id);
+
+	const afterFirst = store.getFeed(id)!;
+	expect(afterFirst.episodes.length).toBe(5);
+	expect(afterFirst.lastUpdated.getTime()).toBeGreaterThan(beforeUpdated);
+
+	// Identical second refresh: no lastUpdated bump, object identity kept.
+	vi.advanceTimersByTime(60_000);
+	await store.refreshFeed(id);
+
+	const afterSecond = store.getFeed(id)!;
+	expect(afterSecond).toBe(afterFirst);
+	expect(afterSecond.lastUpdated.getTime()).toBe(afterFirst.lastUpdated.getTime());
+});
+
+test("cached episodes are capped at MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY", async () => {
+	const store = useFeedStore();
+	servedEpisodes = Array.from({ length: 600 }, (_, i) => ({
+		title: `Ep ${600 - i}`,
+		date: new Date(Date.UTC(2026, 0, 1 + i)).toISOString(),
+	}));
+	const feedUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/huge.xml`;
+	const feed = await store.addFeed(makePodcast(feedUrl), "test-source");
+	expect(feed).not.toBeNull();
+	const id = feed!.id;
+	addedFeedIds.push(id);
+
+	// Subscribe window (MAX_EPISODES_SUBSCRIBE = 20) with 480 more cached.
+	expect(store.getFeed(id)!.episodes.length).toBe(20);
+
+	// Load in MAX_EPISODES_REFRESH chunks until the cache is exhausted.
+	let maxLoaded = 0;
+	let iterations = 0;
+	while (store.hasMoreEpisodes(id) && iterations < 20) {
+		await store.loadMoreEpisodes(id);
+		maxLoaded = Math.max(maxLoaded, store.getFeed(id)!.episodes.length);
+		iterations++;
+	}
+
+	expect(iterations).toBeLessThan(20);
+	expect(store.hasMoreEpisodes(id)).toBe(false);
+	expect(store.getFeed(id)!.episodes.length).toBe(MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY);
+	expect(maxLoaded).toBeLessThanOrEqual(MAX_EPISODES_IN_MEMORY);
+});

tests/global-activity-indicator.test.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/**
+ * Global activity indicator — the shared leak-proof activity store
+ * (begin/end counter + track helper) and the global top-right overlay that
+ * surfaces feed refresh, fetch-more, subscribe fetch, search, and download
+ * activity. The download transfer is left in flight on purpose (the test
+ * server delays its response) so the "Downloading" state is observable in
+ * the captured frame.
+ */
+
+import { test, expect, beforeAll, afterAll } from "bun:test";
+import { mkdtempSync, rmSync } from "fs";
+import { tmpdir } from "os";
+import { join } from "path";
+
+// Point the config/data dirs at throwaway directories BEFORE importing the
+// stores (their module-level init reads them) and silence the audio backend.
+const configHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-activity-"));
+process.env.XDG_CONFIG_HOME = configHome;
+const dataHome = mkdtempSync(join(tmpdir(), "podtui-activity-data-"));
+process.env.XDG_DATA_HOME = dataHome;
+process.env.PODTUI_AUDIO_BACKEND = "none";
+
+import { testRender } from "@opentui/solid";
+import { ThemeProvider } from "../src/context/ThemeContext";
+import { GlobalActivityIndicator } from "../src/components/GlobalActivityIndicator";
+import { useActivityStore } from "../src/stores/activity";
+import { useDownloadStore } from "../src/stores/download";
+import type { Episode } from "../src/types/episode";
+
+// The LoadingIndicator glyph cycle.
+const SPINNER_RE = /[⠋⠙⠹⠸⠼⠴⠦⠧⠇⠏]/;
+
+type Frame = { cols: number; lines: { spans: { text: string }[] }[] };
+const frameLines = (f: Frame): string[] =>
+	f.lines.map((l) => l.spans.map((s) => s.text).join(""));
+
+function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+	const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<void>();
+	setTimeout(resolve, ms);
+	return promise;
+}
+
+/** Render the indicator in isolation under the dark theme. The ThemeProvider
+ *  gates children on async init (capabilities + palette detection, up to
+ *  ~1.5s under tmux), so settle frames until the indicator is mounted. */
+async function renderIndicator() {
+	const setup = await testRender(
+		() => (
+			<ThemeProvider mode="dark">
+				<GlobalActivityIndicator />
+			</ThemeProvider>
+		),
+		{ width: 60, height: 10, useThread: false },
+	);
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+		await setup.renderOnce();
+		await sleep(50);
+	}
+	return setup;
+}
+
+const frameText = (setup: { captureSpans: () => unknown }): string =>
+	frameLines(setup.captureSpans() as unknown as Frame).join("\n");
+
+let server: ReturnType<typeof Bun.serve> | null = null;
+let audioUrl = "";
+/** Response delay (ms) for the next audio request — keeps the transfer in
+ *  flight while the "Downloading" state is asserted. */
+let audioDelayMs = 0;
+/** Episode ids this file started downloads for (shared singleton cleanup). */
+const downloadedEpisodeIds: string[] = [];
+
+const makeEpisode = (id: string, title: string): Episode => ({
+	id,
+	podcastId: "pod",
+	title,
+	description: "",
+	audioUrl,
+	duration: 0,
+	pubDate: new Date("2026-08-01T00:00:00Z"),
+});
+
+beforeAll(() => {
+	server = Bun.serve({
+		port: 0,
+		fetch() {
+			const { promise, resolve } = Promise.withResolvers<Response>();
+			setTimeout(
+				() =>
+					resolve(
+						new Response("audio bytes", {
+							headers: { "Content-Type": "audio/mpeg" },
+						}),
+					),
+				audioDelayMs,
+			);
+			return promise;
+		},
+	});
+	audioUrl = `http://127.0.0.1:${server!.port}/audio.mp3`;
+});
+
+afterAll(async () => {
+	const dl = useDownloadStore();
+	for (const id of downloadedEpisodeIds) {
+		dl.cancelDownload(id);
+		await dl.removeDownload(id);
+	}
+	server?.stop(true);
+	rmSync(configHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+	rmSync(dataHome, { recursive: true, force: true });
+});
+
+test("beginActivity/end pairs compose: ending one keeps the other active", () => {
+	const activity = useActivityStore();
+	expect(activity.isActive()).toBe(false);
+	expect(activity.labels()).toEqual([]);
+
+	const endFirst = activity.beginActivity("Refreshing");
+	const endSecond = activity.beginActivity("Refreshing");
+	expect(activity.isActive()).toBe(true);
+	expect(activity.labels()).toEqual(["Refreshing", "Refreshing"]);
+
+	endFirst();
+	expect(activity.isActive()).toBe(true);
+	expect(activity.labels()).toEqual(["Refreshing"]);
+
+	endSecond();
+	expect(activity.isActive()).toBe(false);
+	expect(activity.labels()).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test("track re-throws rejection and returns isActive() to its prior value", async () => {
+	const activity = useActivityStore();
+	const prior = activity.isActive();
+	await expect(
+		activity.track(Promise.reject(new Error("boom")), "Refreshing"),
+	).rejects.toThrow("boom");
+	expect(activity.isActive()).toBe(prior);
+	expect(activity.labels()).toEqual([]);
+});
+
+test("idle: renders nothing, no spinner, no label", async () => {
+	const setup = await renderIndicator();
+	const text = frameText(setup);
+	expect(text).not.toMatch(SPINNER_RE);
+	expect(text).not.toContain("…");
+	expect(text).not.toContain("Downloading");
+	expect(text.trim()).toBe("");
+	setup.renderer.destroy();
+});
+
+test("tracked activity: spinner + label appear while active, vanish on end", async () => {
+	const activity = useActivityStore();
+	const setup = await renderIndicator();
+	expect(frameText(setup)).not.toMatch(SPINNER_RE);
+
+	const end = activity.beginActivity("Refreshing");
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	const active = frameText(setup);
+	expect(active).toMatch(SPINNER_RE);
+	expect(active).toContain("Refreshing…");
+
+	end();
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	const done = frameText(setup);
+	expect(done).not.toMatch(SPINNER_RE);
+	expect(done).not.toContain("Refreshing…");
+	expect(done.trim()).toBe("");
+	setup.renderer.destroy();
+});
+
+test("active download: 'Downloading' label appears and disappears", async () => {
+	const dl = useDownloadStore();
+	const setup = await renderIndicator();
+
+	// Keep the transfer in flight while asserting; the response only lands
+	// after audioDelayMs, so the download stays DOWNLOADING across renders.
+	audioDelayMs = 400;
+	const episode = makeEpisode("activity-dl-ep", "DL Ep");
+	downloadedEpisodeIds.push(episode.id);
+	dl.startDownload(episode, "activity-test-feed");
+
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	const during = frameText(setup);
+	expect(during).toContain("Downloading 1");
+
+	// Cancel: the abort settles the fetch and activeCount returns to 0.
+	dl.cancelDownload(episode.id);
+	for (let i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+		if (dl.getActiveCount() + dl.getQueue().length === 0) break;
+		await sleep(25);
+	}
+	await dl.removeDownload(episode.id);
+	await setup.renderOnce();
+	const after = frameText(setup);
+	expect(dl.getActiveCount() + dl.getQueue().length).toBe(0);
+	expect(after).not.toMatch(SPINNER_RE);
+	expect(after).not.toContain("Downloading");
+
+	audioDelayMs = 0;
+	setup.renderer.destroy();
+});

tests/yazi-pane-row.test.tsx

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ type TestPaneProps = {
 	current?: (() => unknown) | unknown;
 	preview?: unknown;
 	focused?: unknown;
+	currentBorder?: unknown;
 	width?: number;
 	height?: number;
 };
@@ -83,6 +84,7 @@ async function renderPaneRow(props: TestPaneProps): Promise<{
 					preview={props.preview as any}
 					currentLabel="List"
 					focused={props.focused as any}
+					currentBorder={props.currentBorder as any}
 				/>
 			</ThemeProvider>
 		),
@@ -232,4 +234,17 @@ describe("PaneRow current-pane borders", () => {
 		expect(borderColumns(spans)).toEqual([20, 69]);
 		expect(frameText(spans)).not.toMatch(boxGlyphs);
 	});
+
+	test("currentBorder=['left'] removes the right edge (left only)", async () => {
+		const { spans, destroy } = await renderPaneRow({
+			parent: null,
+			current: () => <text>ITEM</text>,
+			preview: null,
+			currentBorder: ["left"],
+		});
+		cleanups.push(destroy);
+		// Only the left border glyph at column 20 — no right edge at 69.
+		expect(borderColumns(spans)).toEqual([20]);
+		expect(frameText(spans)).not.toMatch(boxGlyphs);
+	});
 });